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Nasan

2024-03-20T21:21:55Z

207.62.246.40:

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Ansan
| native_name = 安山民國 {{resize|90%|Ansan Minkuku}}
| image_flag = Flag of the Republic of Ansan (1).svg
| image_coat = Emblem Republic 安山 (1).svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| image_map = Location_of_Ansan_in_Northeast_Asia.png
| map_width = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Ansan in Northeast Asia
| capital = Shicho
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = Ansanese
| demonym = Ansanese
| government_type = Unitary presidential constitutional republic
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = Chō Ikan
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = Shichi Nissō
| sovereignty_type = Establishment history
| established_event1 = Inari Kingship
| established_date1 = 766 BCE (mythological)
| established_event2 = Kingdom of Ansan
| established_date2 = 716
| established_event3 = Japanese annexation
| established_date3 = November 4, 1905
| established_event4 = Provisional Government
| established_date4 = August 18, 1919
| established_event5 = Surrender of Japan
| established_date5 = September 2, 1945
| established_event6 = US administration
| established_date6 = September 8, 1945
| established_event7 = Republic established
| established_date7 = August 11, 1948
| established_event8 = Current constitution
| established_date8 = November 12, 1987
| area_km2 = 70,694
| area_rank = 117th
| population_estimate = 36,894,227
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP = $2.106 trillion
| GDP_PPP_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP_rank = 17th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = 57,094
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27th
| GDP_nominal = $1.281 trillion
| GDP_nominal_year = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank = 16th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $34,731
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th
| Gini = 33.3
| Gini_change = decrease
| HDI = 0.926
| HDI_year = 2021
| HDI_rank = 19th
}}

'''Ansan''', officially the '''Republic of Ansan''', is a country in East Asia. It is located on the {{W|Korean Peninsula|Tushu Peninsula}} and borders {{W|North Korea|Korea}} to the north, the {{W|Yellow Sea}} to the west, and the {{W|Sea of Japan}} to the East. It has a population of 36.89 million, making it the 39th most populous country in the world. Ansan is divided into 18 provinces. Its capital and largest city is Shicho, and nearly half of Ansan's population live in its metropolitan area.

Ansan has been inhabited since the {{W|Lower Paleolithic}} period. In the former half of the first millennium CE, the various kingdoms and chiefdoms of Ansan were unified under the kings (''kumu'') of Inari. In 716 CE, a new dynasty exerted control over Ansan, the first to use the Chinese title of king (''Gō'') and the name ''Ansan''. In the tenth century, the Ansan Kingdom conquered the Korean kingdom of {{W|Silla}} and extended control to the east coast of the Tushu Peninsula. In 1905, following the Russo-Japanese War, Ansan was annexed by the Empire of Japan. Japanese colonial rule ended following the surrender of Japan in World War II, after which Ansan occupied by the United States, along with the southern portion of Korea south of the 38th parallel. On August 11, 1948, the Republic of Ansan was established; shortly after, Korea gained independence as two separate countries.

In 1950, the {{W|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} invaded the {{W|Republic of Korea}} to the south, starting the Korean War, and causing the ROK government to flee to Ansan. The DPRK also managed to occupy much of Ansan during the war. After over a year of extensive fighting, and multiple instances of complete territorial loss for the ROK, the ROK and its allies surrendered to the DPRK, which gained a new land border with Ansan. Ansan's economy suffered greatly as a result. In 1960, the authoritarian government of Kō Raji was overthrown by Jin Harinari in the April 24 coup. Under Jin's leadership, Ansan experienced rapid economic growth, becoming one of the {{W|Four Asian Tigers}}. However, civil liberties were greatly curtailed and a great number of human rights abuses were committed under his administration. The June Democracy Movement of 1987 ended Jin's authoritarian rule and the first democratic elections were held.

==History==

===Prehistoric and ancient history===
The area of modern-day Ansan was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period.

Around 8,000 BCE, with the start of the Shitumun period, a Mesolithic to Neolithic hunter-gatherer culture emerged in the Tushu Peninsula. The Japonic-speaking Mumun culture succeeded the Shitumun period. From around 800 BCE, the Ansanic-speaking Shinmun people entered western Ansan, beginning the Shinmun period of Ansanese history. The Shinmun people practiced wet-rice agriculture, sedentism, and bronze metallurgy, introduced from the north.

According to legend, the Inari Kingdom of early Ansan was founded by King Shōkun in 766 BCE. Ansan first appears in historical literature in the Book of Han, completed in 111 CE. During the former half of the first millennium CE, the Ansanese peoples were unified under the Inari Kingdom. This period also saw the introduction of Buddhism from Korea, but it initially faced resistance from the nobility.

In 487, Inari, allied with Goguryeo, conquered the Korean kingdom of Baekje, making Inari the predominant maritime power in the region, supplanting the role of Baekje. In 521, King Shōmyō ascended to the Inari throne, making Buddhism the state religion and sending a diplomatic mission introducing Buddhism to Japan. In the 6th and 7th centuries, Inari had enormous maritime influence, and its capital of Kumashā became a wealthy economic and cultural center.

In 706, a succession crisis arose following the death of King Chōshin, which erupted into a full-blown war. The country plunged into chaos, disrupting trade and economic activity in the region and greatly reducing Inari's power. Various rebel leaders also managed to seize some power amidst the chaos.

=== Dynastic history ===
After ten years of civil war, in 716, the Dū clan managed to take control of the capital, ending the era of fragmentation. King Kōmyō became the first monarch of the new Kingdom of Ansan, marking a new era in Ansan's history.

Ansan was restored to its former maritime glory, continuing to be a major maritime power in the region. The capital was moved to Shicho, where it remains to this day. Buddhism continued to be the state religion, and the government ordered the construction of many new temples, including the famous Tūryū-ji in Shicho.

In 803, the powerful Jin clan staged a coup, taking control of the government and establishing a new royal dynasty. Under the Jin dynasty, the country experienced a golden age in art, literature, science, and religion, with unprecedented levels of wealth that lasted for over a century. The ''kwachu'' examinations were conducted, introducing a merit-based system of selecting civil servants. In the latter half of the Jin dynasty, the Japanese ''{{W|kana}}'' scripts and the printing press were introduced to Ansan, boosting literacy and promoting education. The monumental historical work ''Kuji Shichi'' was also compiled during this period. Ansan also conquered Silla in 907, expanding its territory to the Sea of Japan.

However, the Mongol invasions of the 13th century disrupted this golden age and greatly weakened the power of the central government. The fragmentation of {{W|Goryeo}} led to Ansan's submission to the {{W|Yuan dynasty}}, as the Mongol threat became more apparent.

In 1356, military general Shō In, dissatisfied with the state of affairs, launched a coup against the pro-Yuan Jin clan and renounced all ties with the Yuan dynasty. He drove out Mongol troops in Ansan and established the Shō dynasty. Initially, the country prospered but as the central government weakened, Ansan became a frequent victim of Goryeo encroachments along its northern border. Its western frontier also fell to numerous warlords, bringing an end to the brief golden age of the early Shō dynasty. The {{W|Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Japanese invasions of 1592–1598}} were the final step in the gradual fragmentation of Ansan, and the Shō dynasty was finally brought to an end in 1604.

After the Shō dynasty fell in 1604, the Gō clan assumed leadership of Ansan. By 1614, all the regional warlords in Ansan were subjugated by the Gō clan, and the country once again entered a period of peace and prosperity. Unlike Korea and Japan, Ansan did not maintain an isolationist foreign policy, allowing it to serve as an important intermediary between China and Japan and become an important maritime power. Although the country slowly adopted an increasingly isolationist policy in the 18th century, its comparatively open foreign policy prevented Ansan from being subject to many "unequal treaties" by Western powers and Japan.

=== Japanese occupation and World War II ===
In the late 19th century, Japan became a major regional power following its successes in the First Sino-Japanese War against the Qing dynasty and the Russo-Japanese War against the Russian Empire. Ansan fell into Japan's sphere of influence and although it attempted to modernize in the late 19th century, Japan managed to fully annex Ansan in 1905. Following this, Ansanese culture, language, and history were suppressed and erased by the Japanese government in a policy of forced assimilation. Following the March 1st Movement in Korea, Ansanese demonstrators launched the April 15th Revolt in Shicho, which was violently subdued by the Japanese military. Various underground resistance groups also emerged, and in 1919, Ansanese dissidents established a provisional government in Ningbo. {{En-WP attribution notice|South Korea}}
{{En-WP attribution notice|Japan}}

[[Category:Ansan]]

Nasan

2024-03-20T21:12:00Z

207.62.246.40:

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Ansan
| native_name = 安山民國 {{resize|90%|Ansan Minkuku}}
| image_flag = Flag of the Republic of Ansan (1).svg
| image_coat = Emblem Republic 安山 (1).svg
| symbol_type = Emblem
| image_map = Location_of_Ansan_in_Northeast_Asia.png
| map_width = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Ansan in Northeast Asia
| capital = Shicho
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = Ansanese
| demonym = Ansanese
| government_type = Unitary presidential constitutional republic
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = Chō Ikan
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = Shichi Nissō
| sovereignty_type = Establishment history
| established_event1 = Inari Kingship
| established_date1 = 766 BCE (mythological)
| established_event2 = Kingdom of Ansan
| established_date2 = 716
| established_event3 = Japanese annexation
| established_date3 = November 4, 1905
| established_event4 = Provisional Government
| established_date4 = August 18, 1919
| established_event5 = Surrender of Japan
| established_date5 = September 2, 1945
| established_event6 = US administration
| established_date6 = September 8, 1945
| established_event7 = Republic established
| established_date7 = August 11, 1948
| established_event8 = Current constitution
| established_date8 = November 12, 1987
| area_km2 = 70,694
| area_rank = 117th
| population_estimate = 36,894,227
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP = $2.106 trillion
| GDP_PPP_year = 2023
| GDP_PPP_rank = 17th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = 57,094
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27th
| GDP_nominal = $1.281 trillion
| GDP_nominal_year = 2023
| GDP_nominal_rank = 16th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $34,731
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th
| Gini = 33.3
| Gini_change = decrease
| HDI = 0.926
| HDI_year = 2021
| HDI_rank = 19th
}}

'''Ansan''', officially the '''Republic of Ansan''', is a country in East Asia. It is located on the {{W|Korean Peninsula|Tushu Peninsula}} and borders {{W|North Korea|Korea}} to the north, the {{W|Yellow Sea}} to the west, and the {{W|Sea of Japan}} to the East. It has a population of 36.89 million, making it the 39th most populous country in the world. Ansan is divided into 18 provinces. Its capital and largest city is Shicho, and nearly half of Ansan's population live in its metropolitan area.

Ansan has been inhabited since the {{W|Lower Paleolithic}} period. In the former half of the first millennium CE, the various kingdoms and chiefdoms of Ansan were unified under the kings (''kumu'') of Inari. In 716 CE, a new dynasty exerted control over Ansan, the first to use the Chinese title of king (''Gō'') and the name ''Ansan''. In the tenth century, the Ansan Kingdom conquered the Korean kingdom of {{W|Silla}} and extended control to the east coast of the Tushu Peninsula. In 1905, following the Russo-Japanese War, Ansan was annexed by the Empire of Japan. Japanese colonial rule ended following the surrender of Japan in World War II, after which Ansan occupied by the United States, along with the southern portion of Korea south of the 38th parallel. On August 11, 1948, the Republic of Ansan was established; shortly after, Korea gained independence as two separate countries.

In 1950, the {{W|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} invaded the {{W|Republic of Korea}} to the south, starting the Korean War, and causing the ROK government to flee to Ansan. The DPRK also managed to occupy much of Ansan during the war. After over a year of extensive fighting, and multiple instances of complete territorial loss for the ROK, the ROK and its allies surrendered to the DPRK, which gained a new land border with Ansan. Ansan's economy suffered greatly as a result. In 1960, the authoritarian government of Kō Raji was overthrown by Gin Harinari in the April 24 coup. Under Gin's leadership, Ansan experienced rapid economic growth, becoming one of the {{W|Four Asian Tigers}}. However, civil liberties were greatly curtailed and a great number of human rights abuses were committed under his administration. The June Democracy Movement of 1987 ended Gin's authoritarian rule and the first democratic elections were held.

==History==

===Prehistoric and ancient history===
The area of modern-day Ansan was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period.

Around 8,000 BCE, with the start of the Shitumun period, a Mesolithic to Neolithic hunter-gatherer culture emerged in the Tushu Peninsula. The Japonic-speaking Mumun culture succeeded the Shitumun period. From around 800 BCE, the Ansanic-speaking Shinmun people entered western Ansan, beginning the Shinmun period of Ansanese history. The Shinmun people practiced wet-rice agriculture, sedentism, and bronze metallurgy, introduced from the north.

According to legend, the Inari Kingdom of early Ansan was founded by King Shōkun in 766 BCE. Ansan first appears in historical literature in the Book of Han, completed in 111 CE. During the former half of the first millennium CE, the Ansanese peoples were unified under the Inari Kingdom. This period also saw the introduction of Buddhism from Korea, but it initially faced resistance from the nobility.

In 487, Inari, allied with Goguryeo, conquered the Korean kingdom of Baekje, making Inari the predominant maritime power in the region, supplanting the role of Baekje. In 521, King Shōmyō ascended to the Inari throne, making Buddhism the state religion and sending a diplomatic mission introducing Buddhism to Japan. In the 6th and 7th centuries, Inari had enormous maritime influence, and its capital of Kumashā became a wealthy economic and cultural center.

In 706, a succession crisis arose following the death of King Kyōshin, which erupted into a full-blown war. The country plunged into chaos, disrupting trade and economic activity in the region and greatly reducing Inari's power. Various rebel leaders also managed to seize some power amidst the chaos.

=== Dynastic history ===
After ten years of civil war, in 716, the Dū clan managed to take control of the capital, ending the era of fragmentation. King Kōmyō became the first monarch of the new Kingdom of Ansan, marking a new era in Ansan's history.

Ansan was restored to its former maritime glory, continuing to be a major maritime power in the region. The capital was moved to Shicho, where it remains to this day. Buddhism continued to be the state religion, and the government ordered the construction of many new temples, including the famous Tūryū-ji in Shicho.

In 803, the powerful Gin clan staged a coup, taking control of the government and establishing a new royal dynasty. Under the Gin dynasty, the country experienced a golden age in art, literature, science, and religion, with unprecedented levels of wealth that lasted for over a century. The ''kwachu'' examinations were conducted, introducing a merit-based system of selecting civil servants. In the latter half of the Gin dynasty, the Japanese ''{{W|kana}}'' scripts and the printing press were introduced to Ansan, boosting literacy and promoting education. The monumental historical work ''Kuji Shichi'' was also compiled during this period. Ansan also conquered Silla in 907, expanding its territory to the Sea of Japan.

However, the Mongol invasions of the 13th century disrupted this golden age and greatly weakened the power of the central government. The fragmentation of {{W|Goryeo}} led to Ansan's submission to the {{W|Yuan dynasty}}, as the Mongol threat became more apparent.

In 1356, military general Shō In, dissatisfied with the state of affairs, launched a coup against the pro-Yuan Gin clan and renounced all ties with the Yuan dynasty. He drove out Mongol troops in Ansan and established the Shō dynasty. Initially, the country prospered but as the central government weakened, Ansan became a frequent victim of Goryeo encroachments along its northern border. Its western frontier also fell to numerous warlords, bringing an end to the brief golden age of the early Shō dynasty. The {{W|Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Japanese invasions of 1592–1598}} were the final step in the gradual fragmentation of Ansan, and the Shō dynasty was finally brought to an end in 1604.

After the Shō dynasty fell in 1604, the Gō clan assumed leadership of Ansan. By 1614, all the regional warlords in Ansan were subjugated by the Gō clan, and the country once again entered a period of peace and prosperity. Unlike Korea and Japan, Ansan did not maintain an isolationist foreign policy, allowing it to serve as an important intermediary between China and Japan and become an important maritime power. Although the country slowly adopted an increasingly isolationist policy in the 18th century, its comparatively open foreign policy prevented Ansan from being subject to many "unequal treaties" by Western powers and Japan.

=== Japanese occupation and World War II ===
In the late 19th century, Japan became a major regional power following its successes in the First Sino-Japanese War against the Qing dynasty and the Russo-Japanese War against the Russian Empire. Ansan fell into Japan's sphere of influence and although it attempted to modernize in the late 19th century, Japan managed to fully annex Ansan in 1905. Following this, Ansanese culture, language, and history were suppressed and erased by the Japanese government in a policy of forced assimilation. Following the March 1st Movement in Korea, Ansanese demonstrators launched the April 15th Revolt in Shicho, which was violently subdued by the Japanese military. Various underground resistance groups also emerged, and in 1919, Ansanese dissidents established a provisional government in Ningbo. {{En-WP attribution notice|South Korea}}
{{En-WP attribution notice|Japan}}

[[Category:Ansan]]