User:Chei99/Sandbox2

2026-04-09T04:36:24Z

Chei99:

User:Chei99/Sandbox2

2026-03-30T03:50:20Z

Chei99:

2025-08-14T04:08:36Z

Chei99: /* Sound changes shared with Walloon and Northeastern Oil dialects */

{{Infobox language
| name = Chapellais
| altname = ''patois'' / ''patoës''
| nativename = ''laingue çhâpelyése''/ ''länge kaabeljes''
| acceptance =
| image =
| imagescale =
| imagealt =
| imagecaption =
| pronunciation = /lɛ̃gə χɑβɛʎesə/
| states = Free State of Aachen
| region =
| creator =
| created =
| setting =
| ethnicity = Vastrians
| extinct =
| era =
| speakers =
| date =
| dateprefix =
| ref = 
| refname =
| speakers2 =
| revived =
| revived-category = 
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = {{W|Indo-European languages|Indo-European}}
| fam2 = {{W|Italic languages|Italic}}
| fam3 = {{W|Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan}}
| fam4 = {{W|Romance languages|Romance}}
| fam5 = {{W|Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western}}
| fam6 = {{W|Western Romance languages|Western Romance}}
| fam7 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Iberian}}?
| fam8 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance}}
| fam9 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Nord}}
| fam10 = {{W|Langues d'oïl|Franco-Rhenish}}
| fam11 =
| protoname =
| ancestor = {{W|Old French language|Old French}}
| ancestor2 = 
| standards =
| stand1 =
| stand2 = 
| dialects =
| listclass =
| dia1 =
| dia2 = 
| script =
| sign =
| posteriori =
| nation =
| minority =
| agency =
| development_body =
| iso1 =
| iso1comment =
| iso2 =
| iso2b =
| iso2t =
| iso2comment =
| iso3 =
| iso3comment =
| lc1 =
| ld1 =
| lc2 = 
| ld2 = 
| iso6 =
| isoexception =
| linglist =
| lingname =
| linglist2 = 
| lingname2 = 
| glotto =
| glottorefname =
| glotto2 = 
| glottorefname2 = 
| aiatsis =
| aiatsisname =
| aiatsis2 = 
| aiatsisname2 = 
| guthrie =
| ELP =
| ELPname =
| ELP2 = 
| ELPname2 = 
| glottopedia =
| lingua =
| lingua_ref =
| ietf =
| map =
| mapscale =
| mapalt =
| mapcaption =
| map2 =
| mapalt2 =
| mapcaption2 =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = 
| module =
| notice = IPA
}}
'''Vastrian''' (Vastrian: ''laingue vachtrié'' [lɛnge βastʀi]) is a {{W|Romance language|Romance}} language spoken on the namesake insular nation of Vastria. It is a {{W|Langues d'oïl|Armoricain}} variety closely related to the {{W|Gallo language|Gallo}} language spoken around eastern {{W|Brittany}} in northwestern {{w|France}} and more distantly to other Oïl varieties. The language's origins began with a series of expeditions by Basque and French fishermen towards the uninhabited island during the early 15th century. But it was not until the mid-1450s that a permanent settlement would be established on the port of Dûcsville; the migrating settlers were mostly {{W|Langues d'oïl|Oïl}} speakers and hailed from the poorer areas around the {{W|Vendée}} (although some of them were of {{W|Bretons|Breton}}, {{W|Basques|Basque}} and even {{W|Galician people|Galician|}} stock).

Following the seizure of the island during the {{W|Franco-Dutch War}} in 1673, the Vastrian language began to be gradually influenced by {{W|Dutch language|Dutch}} as well as {{W|Portuguese language|Portuguese}} in the coming decades.

It serves as the official language of the Republic of Vastria.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Caption text
|-
!Vastrian!!Occitan!!Catalan!!Gascon!!Aranese!!French!!English
|-
|ein / än [ɛ̃(ŋ)]||un||un||un||òm ||un||one
|-
|dux / düch [dyx]||dos||dos||dus||dus||deux||two
|-
|trœis [tʁœj] / tröj||tres||tres||tres||tres||trois||three
|-
|quarte / katt [kotə]||quatre||quatre||quate||quate|| quatre||four
|-
|çinq / tzink [t͡sĩk]||cinc||cinc ||cinc||cinc||cinq||five
|-
|six / siech [ʃi(s)]||sièis||sis||sheis||sies||six||six
|-
|sépt / sett||set||set||set||set||sept||seven
|-
|ieut / jö [jø̯]||uéch||vuit||ueit||ueit|| huit||eight
|-
|nûx / nüch [nyːx]||nou||nou||nau||nau||nœf||nine
|-
|dex / dech [ðe(s)]||dètz||deu||dètz||dètz||dix||ten
|-
|vel||vièlh||vell||vell||vielha||vieux||old
|-
| iou / gjoe [çʲɔː]||aiga||aigua||aiga||aigua||eau ||water
|-
|paçon / patson [pæ̯t͡sõ]
|peis
|peix
|peish
|peish
|poisson
|fish
|-
|fei / fij [fɛː]
|fòc
|fòc
|huec
|huec
|feu
|fire
|-
|rôe [ʀɔ̯]
|rei
|rei
|rei
|rei
|roi
|king
|-
|neou / new [neu̯ʷ]
|nèu
|neu
|nèu
|nhèu
|niege
|snow
|-
|glaçe / glats [ɣlat͡sə]
|glaç
|glaç
|glaç
|gèu
|glace
|ice
|-
|cúr / kur [ky̯ʁ]
|còr
| cor
|còr
|còr
|cœur
|heart
|-
|veint / vijnt [vɛ̃ⁿ]
|vent
|vent
|vent
|vent
|vent
| wind
|-
|bôes / boks [bɔː]
|bòsc
|bosc
| bosc
|bosc
|bois
|wood
|-
|sol, solalh
|solelh, sol
|sol
|solei
|só
|soleil
|sun
|-
|sul
|sòl
|sòl
|soler
|sòu
|sol
|seed
|-
|neûch / neusj [nøːʃ]
|nuèch
|nit
|nueit
|net
|nuit
|night
|-
|yelh / jelj [jej]
|uèlh
|ull
|uelh
|uelh
|œil
|eye
|-
|castèç / kastets [kastɛts]
|castèl
|castell
|castèth
|castèth
|château
|castle
|-
|clau / klaw [klɔ]
|clau
|clau
|clau
|clau
|clé
|key
|-
|hech / hesj [hɛʃ]
|fach
|fet
|hèt
|hèit
|fait
|fact
|-
|eïmar [ɛjmaː(ʁ)]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Phonology==
===Sound changes unique to Vastrian===
*Fronting or retracting of certain round monophthongs
#u [y] > in some cases either eu [ø] or î [iː]
#au [o] > either ou [u] or even in a few rare cases eu [ø]
#ou [u] > mostly au [o], although it is less prevalent among younger speakers
#eu/œ [ø]~[œ] > mainly /u/ [y] in-between consonants and /ei/ [ɛ]~[e] everywhere else

*/g/ before /a/ dissimilates to [d]~[z] in nearly all positions. This development seems to be at odds with much of the {{W|Modern French}} isogloss south of the {{W|Joret line}}, which palatalizes it as [ʒ] ([d͡ʒ] in Old French and Walloon). Yet it might have been the result of Danish influence over the isles in the centuries after the 1652 takeover, as [ʒ] was (and still is) only a marginal non-native consonant within the {{W|North Germanic}} varieties.

#''gardin'' > ''jardin'' > ''dardin'' (garden)
#''gambe'' > ''jambe'' > ''dambe'' (leg)
*Similarly, /k/ before /a/ was transformed into to [c] ~ [tj] as a greater devoicing of [tʃ]:
#''chacier'' > ''tyasser'' V 'chasser'' (to hunt)[casɛː(ɾ)] ~ [tjasɛː]
#''chançon'' > ''tyançon'' V ''chançon'' [tjæ̃zõ]
#''chat'' > ''tyeït'' V ''chat'' [cɛj] (cat)
#''castell'' > ''tyaèçîa'' V ''château'' [tjaɪ̯t͡sʲə]~[casja] (castle)
*fronting of initial t- before e into [d]: ''tèrre'' [dɛr(ə)], ''temp'' [dæ̃]; nowadays used interchangeably with [t]
*palatalization of /th/ before e or i into [tɕ]: ''theatre'' > '' tchêtre''
* plural -s (and sometimes -z) are voiced and pronounced [z] mainly before vowels instead of being elided in most modern French dialects from the late 16th century onward:
# ''tyeiz'' [tʲez] V ''chez'' [ʃɛ] (homes)
# ''rines'' [ʁɪnz] V ''reines'' [ʁɛn(ə)] (queens)
* the schwa vowel varies between [ə] and [a] in unstressed positions
* /x/ is often pronounced as [χ]~[h] rather than being silent in some native words.
* As a consequence of {{W|Rhine Franconian}} influence, the labials [p] and [b] before front vowels underwent dissimilation where they respectively became [β] and [p].
* Nasal vowels lose their original nasalization before final (sometimes plural) /s/ or /z/, resulting in lengthened vowels in its place; these mainly occur in linking terms and even a few plural nouns on occasion:
#''dans'' [dɑːs]
#''sans'' [sɑːs]
* medial [zj] and [ʒ] are commonly realized as [ʃ].
# ''vouyache'' [vuɪjɑʃ] (voyage)
# ''âchî'' [aʃij] (bird)

===Sound changes shared with Walloon and Northeastern Oil dialects ===
* The diphthong /oi/ (nominally [wa], historical [wɛ]) was rounded to /oë(i)/ [œɪ̯]~[øː] in most circumstances; /oue/ [wɛ] is only used sparingly in French loanwoards and numerical terms of cultural significance.

#''poëthon'' (fish) [pøːθõ]~[pœfɔ̃]
#''roëi'' (king)
#''éçoëil'' (star)
#''tyoëice'' (choice)
#''boës'' (forest)
However, there are some exceptions in the form of personal pronouns, where it is instead monophthongized to simply [œ].
#''meu'' (me)
#''teu'' (you)
* diphthongization of [ɛ] to [ja] in closed syllables:

# ''fiaçe'' - ''fête'' (feast)
# ''tiaçe'' - ''tête'' (head)

* initial retention of the original Latin [s] before clusters, which evolved into [ts] in place of /st/ through metathesis.
# ''ésvé'' - ''epeé'' (sword)
# ''ésqole'' - ''école'' (school)
# ''feniâçre'' - ''fenêtre'' (window)

User:Chei99/Sandbox1

2025-08-14T03:02:20Z

Chei99: /* Phonology */

{{Infobox language
| name = Chapellais
| altname = ''patois'' / ''patoës''
| nativename = ''laingue çhâpelyése''/ ''länge kaabeljes''
| acceptance =
| image =
| imagescale =
| imagealt =
| imagecaption =
| pronunciation = /lɛ̃gə χɑβɛʎesə/
| states = Free State of Aachen
| region =
| creator =
| created =
| setting =
| ethnicity = Vastrians
| extinct =
| era =
| speakers =
| date =
| dateprefix =
| ref = 
| refname =
| speakers2 =
| revived =
| revived-category = 
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = {{W|Indo-European languages|Indo-European}}
| fam2 = {{W|Italic languages|Italic}}
| fam3 = {{W|Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan}}
| fam4 = {{W|Romance languages|Romance}}
| fam5 = {{W|Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western}}
| fam6 = {{W|Western Romance languages|Western Romance}}
| fam7 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Iberian}}?
| fam8 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance}}
| fam9 = {{W|Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Nord}}
| fam10 = {{W|Langues d'oïl|Franco-Rhenish}}
| fam11 =
| protoname =
| ancestor = {{W|Old French language|Old French}}
| ancestor2 = 
| standards =
| stand1 =
| stand2 = 
| dialects =
| listclass =
| dia1 =
| dia2 = 
| script =
| sign =
| posteriori =
| nation =
| minority =
| agency =
| development_body =
| iso1 =
| iso1comment =
| iso2 =
| iso2b =
| iso2t =
| iso2comment =
| iso3 =
| iso3comment =
| lc1 =
| ld1 =
| lc2 = 
| ld2 = 
| iso6 =
| isoexception =
| linglist =
| lingname =
| linglist2 = 
| lingname2 = 
| glotto =
| glottorefname =
| glotto2 = 
| glottorefname2 = 
| aiatsis =
| aiatsisname =
| aiatsis2 = 
| aiatsisname2 = 
| guthrie =
| ELP =
| ELPname =
| ELP2 = 
| ELPname2 = 
| glottopedia =
| lingua =
| lingua_ref =
| ietf =
| map =
| mapscale =
| mapalt =
| mapcaption =
| map2 =
| mapalt2 =
| mapcaption2 =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = 
| module =
| notice = IPA
}}
'''Vastrian''' (Vastrian: ''laingue vachtrié'' [lɛnge βastʀi]) is a {{W|Romance language|Romance}} language spoken on the namesake insular nation of Vastria. It is a {{W|Langues d'oïl|Armoricain}} variety closely related to the {{W|Gallo language|Gallo}} language spoken around eastern {{W|Brittany}} in northwestern {{w|France}} and more distantly to other Oïl varieties. The language's origins began with a series of expeditions by Basque and French fishermen towards the uninhabited island during the early 15th century. But it was not until the mid-1450s that a permanent settlement would be established on the port of Dûcsville; the migrating settlers were mostly {{W|Langues d'oïl|Oïl}} speakers and hailed from the poorer areas around the {{W|Vendée}} (although some of them were of {{W|Bretons|Breton}}, {{W|Basques|Basque}} and even {{W|Galician people|Galician|}} stock).

Following the seizure of the island during the {{W|Franco-Dutch War}} in 1673, the Vastrian language began to be gradually influenced by {{W|Dutch language|Dutch}} as well as {{W|Portuguese language|Portuguese}} in the coming decades.

It serves as the official language of the Republic of Vastria.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Caption text
|-
!Vastrian!!Occitan!!Catalan!!Gascon!!Aranese!!French!!English
|-
|ein / än [ɛ̃(ŋ)]||un||un||un||òm ||un||one
|-
|dux / düch [dyx]||dos||dos||dus||dus||deux||two
|-
|trœis [tʁœj] / tröj||tres||tres||tres||tres||trois||three
|-
|quarte / katt [kotə]||quatre||quatre||quate||quate|| quatre||four
|-
|çinq / tzink [t͡sĩk]||cinc||cinc ||cinc||cinc||cinq||five
|-
|six / siech [ʃi(s)]||sièis||sis||sheis||sies||six||six
|-
|sépt / sett||set||set||set||set||sept||seven
|-
|ieut / jö [jø̯]||uéch||vuit||ueit||ueit|| huit||eight
|-
|nûx / nüch [nyːx]||nou||nou||nau||nau||nœf||nine
|-
|dex / dech [ðe(s)]||dètz||deu||dètz||dètz||dix||ten
|-
|vel||vièlh||vell||vell||vielha||vieux||old
|-
| iou / gjoe [çʲɔː]||aiga||aigua||aiga||aigua||eau ||water
|-
|paçon / patson [pæ̯t͡sõ]
|peis
|peix
|peish
|peish
|poisson
|fish
|-
|fei / fij [fɛː]
|fòc
|fòc
|huec
|huec
|feu
|fire
|-
|rôe [ʀɔ̯]
|rei
|rei
|rei
|rei
|roi
|king
|-
|neou / new [neu̯ʷ]
|nèu
|neu
|nèu
|nhèu
|niege
|snow
|-
|glaçe / glats [ɣlat͡sə]
|glaç
|glaç
|glaç
|gèu
|glace
|ice
|-
|cúr / kur [ky̯ʁ]
|còr
| cor
|còr
|còr
|cœur
|heart
|-
|veint / vijnt [vɛ̃ⁿ]
|vent
|vent
|vent
|vent
|vent
| wind
|-
|bôes / boks [bɔː]
|bòsc
|bosc
| bosc
|bosc
|bois
|wood
|-
|sol, solalh
|solelh, sol
|sol
|solei
|só
|soleil
|sun
|-
|sul
|sòl
|sòl
|soler
|sòu
|sol
|seed
|-
|neûch / neusj [nøːʃ]
|nuèch
|nit
|nueit
|net
|nuit
|night
|-
|yelh / jelj [jej]
|uèlh
|ull
|uelh
|uelh
|œil
|eye
|-
|castèç / kastets [kastɛts]
|castèl
|castell
|castèth
|castèth
|château
|castle
|-
|clau / klaw [klɔ]
|clau
|clau
|clau
|clau
|clé
|key
|-
|hech / hesj [hɛʃ]
|fach
|fet
|hèt
|hèit
|fait
|fact
|-
|eïmar [ɛjmaː(ʁ)]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Phonology==
===Sound changes unique to Vastrian===
*Fronting or retracting of certain round monophthongs
#u [y] > in some cases either eu [ø] or î [iː]
#au [o] > either ou [u] or even in a few rare cases eu [ø]
#ou [u] > mostly au [o], although it is less prevalent among younger speakers
#eu/œ [ø]~[œ] > mainly /u/ [y] in-between consonants and /ei/ [ɛ]~[e] everywhere else

*/g/ before /a/ dissimilates to [d]~[z] in nearly all positions. This development seems to be at odds with much of the {{W|Modern French}} isogloss south of the {{W|Joret line}}, which palatalizes it as [ʒ] ([d͡ʒ] in Old French and Walloon). Yet it might have been the result of Danish influence over the isles in the centuries after the 1652 takeover, as [ʒ] was (and still is) only a marginal non-native consonant within the {{W|North Germanic}} varieties.

#''gardin'' > ''jardin'' > ''dardin'' (garden)
#''gambe'' > ''jambe'' > ''dambe'' (leg)
*Similarly, /k/ before /a/ was transformed into to [c] ~ [tj] as a greater devoicing of [tʃ]:
#''chacier'' > ''tyasser'' V 'chasser'' (to hunt)[casɛː(ɾ)] ~ [tjasɛː]
#''chançon'' > ''tyançon'' V ''chançon'' [tjæ̃zõ]
#''chat'' > ''tyeït'' V ''chat'' [cɛj] (cat)
#''castell'' > ''tyaèçîa'' V ''château'' [tjaɪ̯t͡sʲə]~[casja] (castle)
*fronting of initial t- before e into [d]: ''tèrre'' [dɛr(ə)], ''temp'' [dæ̃]; nowadays used interchangeably with [t]
*palatalization of /th/ before e or i into [tɕ]: ''theatre'' > '' tchêtre''
* plural -s (and sometimes -z) are voiced and pronounced [z] mainly before vowels instead of being elided in most modern French dialects from the late 16th century onward:
# ''tyeiz'' [tʲez] V ''chez'' [ʃɛ] (homes)
# ''rines'' [ʁɪnz] V ''reines'' [ʁɛn(ə)] (queens)
* the schwa vowel varies between [ə] and [a] in unstressed positions
* /x/ is often pronounced as [χ]~[h] rather than being silent in some native words.
* As a consequence of {{W|Rhine Franconian}} influence, the labials [p] and [b] before front vowels underwent dissimilation where they respectively became [β] and [p].
* Nasal vowels lose their original nasalization before final (sometimes plural) /s/ or /z/, resulting in lengthened vowels in its place; these mainly occur in linking terms and even a few plural nouns on occasion:
#''dans'' [dɑːs]
#''sans'' [sɑːs]
* medial [zj] and [ʒ] are commonly realized as [ʃ].
# ''vouyache'' [vuɪjɑʃ] (voyage)
# ''âchî'' [aʃij] (bird)

===Sound changes shared with Walloon and Northeastern Oil dialects ===
* The diphthong /oi/ (nominally [wa], historical [wɛ]) was rounded to /oëi/ [œɪ̯]~[øj] in most circumstances; /oue/ [wɛ] is only used sparingly in French loanwoards and numerical terms of cultural significance.

#''poëivon'' (fish)
#''roëi'' (king)
#''éçoëil'' (star)
#''tyoëice'' (choice)
#''boëis'' (forest)
However, there are some exceptions in the form of personal pronouns, where it is instead monophthongized to simply [œ].
#''meu'' (me)
#''teu'' (you)
* diphthongization of [ɛ] to [ja] in closed syllables:

# ''fiaçe'' - ''fête'' (feast)
# ''tiaçe'' - ''tête'' (head)

* initial retention of the original Latin [s] before clusters, which evolved into [ts] in place of /st/ through metathesis.
# ''ésvé'' - ''epeé'' (sword)
# ''ésqole'' - ''école'' (school)
# ''feniâçre'' - ''fenêtre'' (window)