Greece

2023-09-29T13:51:45Z

Nickthenick2:

{{Icons|Altverse II}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Hellenic Republic
| native_name = Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ({{W|Greek language|Greek}}) Ellinikí Dimokratía
| common_name = Greece
| image_flag = Flag of Greece.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Greece.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| national_motto = Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος Elefthería í Thánatos (English: "{{W|Eleftheria i thanatos|Freedom or Death}}")
| national_anthem = Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν Ímnos is tin Eleftherían (English: "{{W|Hymn to Liberty}}")
| capital = {{W|Athens}}
| largest_city = capital
| official_languages = {{W|Greek language|Greek}}
| religion = 93% {{W|Christianity}} —90% {{W|Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox}} ({{W|State religion|official}}) —Other {{W|Christianity|Christian}} 4% {{W|Irreligion|No religion}} 2% {{W|Islam in Greece|Islam}} 1% Others
| religion_year = 2017
| demonym = {{hlist|{{W|Greeks|Greek}}|Hellene}}
| government_type = {{W|Unitary parliamentary republic}}
| leader_title1 = [[President of Greece|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Christos Tsatsos]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Greece|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Ioannis Karamanlis]]
| leader_title3 = [[President of the Hellenic Parliament|Parliament Speaker]]
| leader_name3 = TBD
| legislature = [[Hellenic Parliament]]
| established_event1 = {{W|Greek War of Independence|Independence}}
| established_date1 = 25 March 1821 (start of the {{W|Greek War of Independence}}) 11 January 1822 ({{W|First National Assembly of Epidaurus|official declaration}})
| established_event2 = {{W|1830 Protocol of London|Recognition}}
| established_date2 = 3 February 1830
| established_event3 = {{W|Constitution of Greece|Current constitution}}
| established_date3 = 11 June 1954
| area_rank = 29
| area_km2 = 131,957
| area_sq_mi = 50,949
| percent_water = 1.51%
| population_census = 10,432,481
| population_census_rank = 54th
| population_census_year = 2021
| population_density_km2 = 79.1
| population_sq_mi = 204.9
| population_density_rank = 133th||||
| currency = {{W|Modern drachma|Drachma}}
}}
'''Greece''' ({{W|Greek language|Greek}}: Ελλάδα, romanized: ''Elláda''), officially the '''Hellenic Republic''' (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, romanized: ''Elliniki Dimokratia'') is a country located in {{W|Southeastern Europe}}, situated on the southern tip of the {{W|Balkans}} and is located at the crossroads of {{W|Europe}}, {{W|Asia}} and {{W|Africa}}. Greece shares landborders with [[Albania]] to the northwest, [[Macedonia]] and [[Bulgaria]] to the north, and the [[Anatolian Republic]] to the southeast. Greece's southern border is dominated by coast with the {{W|Aegean Sea}} lying to the east of the mainland, the {{W|Ionian Sea}} to the west, and the {{W|Sea of Crete}} and the {{W|Mediterranean Sewa}} to the south. Greece has the longest continious coastline in the world on the {{W|Mediterranean Basin}} and features {{W|Islands of Greece|thousands of islands}}. The country consists of {{W|Geographic regions of Greece|nine geographical regions}} and has a population of 10.7 million as of 2021. {{W|Athens}} is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by {{W|Thessaloniki}} and {{W|Patras}}.

Greece is considered to be the cradle of {{W|Western civilization}} and {{W|Western culture|culture}} being the birthplace of {{W|Democracy|democracy}}, {{W|Western philosophy}}, {{W|Western literature}}, {{W|Historiography|historiography}}, {{W|Political science|political science}}, major advancements in both {{W|Science|science}} and {{W|Mathematics|mathematics}}, {{W|History of theatre|theatre}} and the [[Olympic Games]]. From the eighth century BC, Greece was organized in the form of several {{W|City-state|city-states}}, known as ''poleis'' (singular ''{{W|Polis}}''), spanning from the {{W|Mediterranean Basin}} to the {{W|Black Sea}}. In the fourth century BC, {{W|Philip II of Macedon}} united much of modern-day Greece and his son {{W|Alexander the Great}} would go on to conquer much of the ancient world, from the eastern Meditterannean to [[India]]. The subsequent {{W|Hellenistic period}} would see {{W|Culture of Greece|Greek culture}} and its influence reach its peak during antiquity. In the second century BC, Greece was conquered by {{W|Roman Republic|Rome}}, becoming an integral part of the {{W|Roman Empire}} later the {{W|Eastern Roman Empire}}, the latter of which was linguistically and culturally Greek. In the first century AD, the {{W|Greek Orthodox Church}} was founded and would help propel Greek relations and presence in the {{W|Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox world}} while also influencing Greek national identity. In the mid-15th century, Greece was annexed by the [[Ottoman Empire]] and would remain under Ottoman rule until the 1820s after Greece won its {{W|Greek War of Independence|war of independence}} and emerged as a {{W|First Hellenic Republic|nation-state}} in the 1830s. Greece was placed under [[Kingdom of Greece|monarchial rule]] by the [[Greek royal family|foreign royal family]] from the 1830s until the 20th century.

During the 20th century, Greece would emerge as a prominent regional power in the Balkans that was at odds with the Ottoman Empire and made diplomatic overtures towards various nations, most notably [[Russia]], and ended with close ties with Russia. During the 1910s, Greece supported the {{W|Balkan League}} during the {{W|Balkan Wars}} and would grow closer ties with [[Germany]] in the 1920s due to German overtures towards Russia and promises to Greece of eliminating Ottoman influence and aggression in Southern Europe. Due to this, Greece would align itself with the [[Triple Alliance]] during [[Great War I]] and spent the war fighting against the Ottomans of the [[Entente Imperiale]] and the military forces of both Albania and [[Italy]] of the [[Landonist International]] (Lantinern). With the support of Landonist Forces from Italy and Albania, the Communist Party of Greece under the leadership of partisan Markos Vafeiadis would invade Greece in 1938, prompting the Greek Civil War which would end with a Landonist takeover of Greece in 1940. The Hellenic Socialist Republic would dominant Greek politics from its formation in 1938 until its eventual overthrow in 1990. Since the end of the Hellenic Socialist Republic, Greece has gradually transitioned into a multiparty democracy.

Greece is a {{W|Unitary parliamentary republic|unitary parliamentary republic}} and is a {{W|Developed country|developed country}}, with a {{W|High-income economy|high-income economy}} and a high {{W|Quality of life|quality of life}}, ranking 32 in the {{W|Human Development Index}}. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is an important regional investor. Greece is a member of various international organizations such as the [[League of Nations]], of which it's a founding member, the [[European Community]] and has been part of the [[Eurozone]] since 2001. Greece is also a member of the [[Northern Treaty Organization]] (NTO), {{W|World Trade Organization}} and the [[Council of Europe]]. Greece's unique cultural heritage combined with its {{W|Tourism in Greece|tourism industry}}, prominent shipping sector, and geostrategic importance has led it to being classified as a {{W|Middle power|middle power}} by most political scientists and observers.

==Etymology==
==History==
{{Main|History of Greece}}
===Prehistory and early history===
===Archaic and classical period===
===Hellenistic and Roman periods (323 BC – 4th century AD)===
===Medieval period (4th – 15th century)===
===Venetian and Ottoman rule (15th century – 1821)===
===Modern history===
====War of independence (1821–1833)====
====Kingdom of Greece====
{{Main|Kingdom of Greece}}
====20th century expansion and irredentism====
====Great War I and reconstruction====
{{Main|Greece during Great War I}}
====8th of May Regime (1936 - 1950)====
====Interwar Years and Democratization (1950 - 1953)====
====Great War II (1953 –1957)====
====Economic Expansion and the "Greek Economic Miracle" (1960- 1980)====
===Recent history (1980 - )===
==Geography==
===Islands===
===Biodiversity===
===Climate===
==Politics==
{{Main|Politics of Greece}}
===Political parties===
{{Main|Political parties in Greece}}
===Foreign relations===
{{Main|Foreign relations}}
===Military===
{{Main|Hellenic Armed Forces}}
===Administrative divisions===
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Greece}}
==Economy==
===Agriculture===
===Tourism===
===Shipping sector===
===Transport===
==Demographics==
===Cities===
===Religion===
===Languages===
===Education===
===Healthcare===
==Culture==
==See also==
*{{W|Outline of Greece}}

{{Sovereign states of Europe}}
{{Altverse II}}
{{En-WP attribution notice}}
[[Category:Greece]]
[[Category:1821 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:Countries in Europe]]
[[Category:Balkan countries]]
[[Category:Member states of the European Community]]
[[Category:Member states of NTO]]
[[Category:Member states of the League of Nations]]
[[Category:Southern European countries]]
[[Category:Southeastern European countries]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Christian states]]
[[Category:Transcontinental countries]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1821]]
[[Category:New Testament places]]

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Greece