View source for Government of the Soviet Union (New Union)

{{Short description|Federal administrative apparatus of the Eurasian country}}
{{About|only the executive branch, headed by the Prime minister|all branches|Politics of Russia}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox executive government
|government_name  = Government of the Soviet Union
|nativename       = Прави́тельство  Советского Союза
|image            = File:Дом Правительства Российской Федерации ночью.JPG
|image_size       = 150px
|date             = 12 June 1991 (as the Government of the Russian Federative Socialist Republic)<br />12 December 1991 (current form)
|state            = [[Soviet Union]]
|address          = [[Moscow]]
|appointed        = [[President of the Soviet Union|President]]
|leader_title     = [[Prime Minister of Soviet Union|Prime Minister]]
|main_organ       = [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers]]
|ministries       = 21
|responsible      = [[Congress of People’s Deputies]]<br />[[President of Soviet Union|President]]
|url              =
}}

The '''government of Russia''' is the federal executive body of state power of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]]. The members of the government are the [[Prime Minister of Russia|prime minister]], the [[Deputy Chairman of the Government|deputy prime ministers]], and the federal ministers.<ref>Chapter 6 of the [[Russian constitution]] states that the "Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation [Prime Minister], Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries."</ref> It has its legal basis in the [[Constitution of Russia|Constitution of the Russian Federation]] and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514050719/http://www.government.ru/content/rfgovernment/legalregulations/5975611.htm Russian Government web portal – Text of 1997 Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" (in Russian)]</ref> The [[Apparatus of the Government of Russia]] is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government.

According to the 1991 amendment to the [[Russian Constitution of 1978|1978 constitution]], the [[President of Russia]] was the head of the [[executive (government)|executive branch]] and headed the [[Council of Ministers of Russia]]. According to the current 1993 constitution, the president is not a part of the government of Russia, which exercises executive power. However, the president appoints the prime minister.

==History==
{{also|Government of the Soviet Union}}

The large body was preceded by [[Government of the Soviet Union]]. Since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, a large number of government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.

On 28 November 1991, President of the RSFSR [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed [[Decree of the President of Russia|presidential decree]] No.242 "On the reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR". Yeltsin officially declared the end of the Soviet Union and became the President of the Russian Federation. Yeltsin was a reformer and promised Western-styled democracy.

In 1993, the new Russian Constitution was adopted.  The new Constitution gained legitimacy through its bicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, the position of the president and the prime minister, and democratic features. These democratic features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties.

In 1999, Yeltsin appointed [[Vladimir Putin]] as the Prime Minister. Later in that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency and Putin took over as the Acting President. In a highly biased 2000 election,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2000/04/01/russia-s-2000-presidential-elections-implications-for-russian-democracy-and-u.s.-russian-relations-pub-421 | title=Russia's 2000 Presidential Elections: Implications for Russian Democracy and U.S.-Russian Relations }}</ref> Putin won the presidential election.

The most recent change took place on 21 January 2020, when President [[Vladimir Putin]] signed a presidential decree on forming [[Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/putin-leaves-russian-cabinet-little-changed-brings-in-close-ally-s-son/29235458.html|title=Putin Leaves Cabinet Little-Changed, Brings In Close Ally's Son|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=May 18, 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-05-18}}</ref>

==Responsibilities and power==
{{Politics of Russia|expanded=Executive}}
{{See also|Order of the Government of Russia}}

The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the [[Constitution of the Russian Federation]]. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:
#Draft and submit the [[Federal budget of Russia|federal budget]] to the [[State Duma]]; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
#Ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and [[monetary policy]] in the Russian Federation ;
#Ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of [[Culture of Russia|culture]], science, [[Education in Russia|education]], [[Healthcare in Russia|health protection]], [[social security]] and [[Environmental issues in Russia|ecology]];
#Manage federal property;
#Adopt measures to ensure the country's defense, [[national security|state security]], and the implementation of the [[Foreign relations of Russia|foreign policy of the Russian Federation]];
#Implement measures to ensure the [[Law enforcement in Russia|rule of law]], [[human rights in Russia|human rights]] and freedoms, the protection of property and [[public order]], and [[Crime in Russia|crime control]];
#Exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and [[Decree of the President of Russia|presidential decrees]].<ref>[http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/CONSTIT/chapter6.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Chapter 6]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018132724/http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/CONSTIT/chapter6.htm |date=October 18, 2008 }}</ref>

The government issues its [[Act (document)|acts]] in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the [[Constitution of Russia|constitution]], federal constitutional laws, [[federal law]]s, and [[Decree of the President of Russia|Presidential decrees]], and are signed by the [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]].

The Government, also assists the Prime Minister, in faithfully carrying out the country's domestic and foreign policy as determined by the President, in general.

== Current Cabinet ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible toccolours" style="float:auto; font-size:90%; width:530px; background:#f5f5f5;"
|+
! colspan="5" style="background:lavender;" |<span style="color: black;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:100%">Cabinet of Ministers of the Soviet Union</span>
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| style="width:40%;" |Office
|Name
|
|Political party
|Took Office
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
|-
| Prime Minister
| Jackob Andropov
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
|First Deputy Prime Minister
|Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister –
Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern <br> and Central Asia
|Anatoly Seryshev
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Agro-Industrial Complex, <br> Natural Resources and Ecology
|
|
|
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Eurasian Integration, cooperation with <br> the EEU, G12, G20 and International Events
|Sergey Lebedev
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Fuel–Energy Complex
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister
for Social Policy
|Oleksandr Vilkul
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister
for Tourism, Sport, Culture and Communications
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister
for Transport
|
|
|
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister 
for Exploration of the Arctic and Outerspace 
|Mykola Oleshchuk
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister for 
State Property Management 
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
|-
|Minister of Agriculture
|Inam Karimov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Defence
|Ivan Kubrakov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Foreign Affairs
|Vasyl Tsushko
| style="background-color: #EA3368;|
|CDKRP
|
|-
|Minister of Health
|Amrillo Inoyatov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Labor
|Konstantin Titov
|
|SDPCC
|
|-
|Minister of Social Protection
|Tamara Düisenova
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
|Minister of Environment
|Mukhtar Babayev
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Ministry of Defense Industry
|Andrey Belousov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Civil and Space Industry
|Roman Golovchenko
|
|CPSU
|
|-
|Minister of Emergency Situations
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Trade
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Finance
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Internal Affairs
|Poʻlat Bobojonov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Development
|Oleksiy Chernyshov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Economy
|Maxim Reshetnikov
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
|Minister of Education and Youth
|Askhat Aimagambetov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Science and Inovation
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Veterans Affairs
|Oksana Koliada
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of State Skills and Higher Education
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Sport and Tourism
|
|
|
|
|-
|Ministry of Women and Family
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Transportation
|
|
|
|
|-
|Minister of Veterans Affairs
|Oksana Koliada
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister for Construction and Housing
|Irek Faizullin
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Safety and State Security
|Ivan Tertel
|
|CPSU
|
|-
|Minister of Culture
|Aziz Abduhakimov
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|Minister of Communication and Digital Development
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Head of the Presidential Administration''
|Igor Sergeenko
|style="background-color: #C0C0C0;|
|Independent 
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Control Committee''
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Committee on Property''
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Military-Industrial Committee''
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the National Bank''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chairman of the State Oil Company
|
|
|
|
|-
|Director of the State Atomic agency
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chair of State Statistics Committee
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Customs Committee''
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Border Committee''
|Viktor Sheiman
|
|CPSU
|
|-
|Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Chairman of the Presidium of the'' 
''National Academy of Science''
|
|
|
|
|-
|Director of the Space Program
|Dmitry Rogozin
| style="background-color: #2E4EA4;|
|SNP
|
|-
|''Chairman of the State Control Committee''
|
|
|
|
|}

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a presidential constitutional republic, whereby the President of Uzbekistan is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Supreme Assembly, the Senate and the Legislative Chamber. The judicial branch (or judiciary), is composed of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Higher Economic Court that exercises judicial power.

The movement toward economic reform in Uzbekistan has not been matched by movement toward political reform. The government of Uzbekistan has instead tightened its grip since independence (September 1, 1991), cracking down increasingly on opposition groups. Although the names have changed, the institutions of government remain similar to those that existed before the breakup of the Soviet Union. The government has justified its restraint of public assembly, opposition parties, and the media by emphasizing the need for stability and a gradual approach to change during the transitional period, citing the conflict and chaos in the other former republics (most convincingly, neighboring Tajikistan). This approach has found credence among a large share of Uzbekistan's population, although such a position may not be sustainable in the long run.

Despite the trappings of institutional change, the first years of independence saw more resistance than acceptance of the institutional changes required for democratic reform to take hold. Whatever initial movement toward democracy existed in Uzbekistan in the early days of independence seems to have been overcome by the inertia of the remaining Soviet-style strong centralized leadership.

==Council of Ministers==

{| class="wikitable"
!'''Portfolio'''
!'''Incumbent '''
! Portrait
! Took office
!'''Home region'''
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
|Prime Minister
|Jackob Andropov
| align="center" |[[File:29BE5E42-A396-4EB8-8DC9-B9E88BE7F913.jpeg|90px]]
|10 April 2021
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of Moscow, Russia.svg|35px|border]] <br> Moscow
| bgcolor="#DA251C"|
|Rodina
|-
|First Deputy Prime Minister 
|Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
|
|
|
|
|Independent
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister –
Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern <br> and Central Asia
|Anatoly Seryshev
|
|
|
|
|Independent
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Agro-Industrial Complex, <br> Natural Resources and Ecology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Eurasian Integration, cooperation with <br> the EEU, G12, G20 and International Events
|Sergey Lebedev
|
|
|
|
|Independent
|-
|Deputy Prime Minister
for Fuel–Energy Complex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |Deputy Prime Minister
for Social Policy
|Oleksandr Vilkul
|
|
|
|
|Social Democratic Party
|-
| rowspan="1" |
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
| rowspan="1" |
|
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|-
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|Independent
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Agrarian Party
|-
|
|
|
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|Rodina
|-
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|
|Social Democratic
Party
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Rodina
|-
|
|
|
|21 April 2021
|
|
|Social Democratic
Party
|-
|
|
|
|15 April 2021
|
|
|Independent
|-
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|Independent
|-
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|Independent 
|-
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|Rodina
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|Independent 
|-
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|Independent 
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|Independent 
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|Rodina
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|Independent
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|Independent
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|Rodina
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|Rodina
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|Independent
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|''Chairman of the State Control Committee''
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{{NU-USSR}}