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{{Icons|B-class|Altverse II}}
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{{Infobox royal house
| surname        = House of Columbia
|native_name     = ''Taigh nan Coluimbia''
| coat of arms   = [[File:Coat of arms of the House of Columbia.svg|130px]]<br />{{Small|House coat of arms}}<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Columbia (Scotland variant).svg|130px]]<br>{{Small|(Scottish house variant)}}<br>[[File:Coat of arms of Sierra.svg|130px]]<br />{{Small|Sierran coat of arms}}<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg|130px]][[File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_England_(1399-1603).svg|90px]][[File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg|130px]][[File:Arms_of_Ireland_(historical).svg|90px]]<br />{{Small|'''Clockwise from top right''': English coat of arms, Irish coat of arms, Scottish coat of arms, British coat of arms}}<br />[[File:Coat of arms of Palawan and Cuyo.png|130px]]<br />{{Small|Tondolese coat of arms}}
| parent house   = {{W|Clan Stewart}} → {{W|House of Stuart}}
| country        = [[File:Flag of Alaska (Kingdom).svg|22x20px]] [[Alaska]] (1912–present)<br />[[File:Flag of the Mayan People.svg|22x20px]] [[Cozumel]] (2013-present)<br />[[File:Flag of Guam.svg|22x20px]] [[Guam]] (1975–present)<br />[[File:Flag of Tondo.svg|22x20px|border]] [[Tondo|Tondo]] (1902–1938, ''de jure'' 1902–1932, ''de facto'')<br />[[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.png|22x20px]] [[Northern Mariana Islands]] (1975–present)<br />[[File:Flag of Sierra.svg|22x20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Sierra|Sierra]] (1858–present)<br /> [[File:Flag of Teutonica.svg|22x20px|border]] [[Superior]] (1943-present)<hr />{{Flag|United Kingdom|enwiki}} (1858–present; disputed)
| titles         = [[Monarchy of Sierra|Monarch of Sierra]] (1858-present)<br />[[Sierrans|Protector of All Sierrans]] (1858-present)<br />{{W|Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland}}
*<small>{{W|Monarchy of the United Kingdom#English monarchs|Monarch of England}} (1859-present)</small>
*<small>{{W|Monarchy of Scotland|Monarch of Scotland}} (1859-present)</small>
*<small>{{W|Monarchy of Ireland|Monarch of Ireland}} (1859-present)</small>
*<small>{{W|Monarchy of Wales|Monarch of Wales}} (1859-present)</small>
*<small>{{W|Monarchy of France|Monarch of France}} (1859-1919)</small>(1859-present)<br />
[[Monarchy of Alaska|Monarch of Alaska]] (1912–present)<br />[[Monarchy of Guam|Monarch of Guam]] (1975–present)<br />[[Monarchy of the Northern Mariana Islands|Monarch of the Northern Mariana Islands]] (1975–present)<br />[[Monarchy of Tondo|Emperor of Tondo]] (1902–1945)<br />[[Monarchy of Superior|Monarch of Superior]] (1943-present)<br /> {{W|King of Hanover|Monarch of Hanover}} (1929-present)<br /> [[Monarchy of Lakota|Monarch of Lakota]] (1993-present)
| founder        = [[Charles I]]
| final ruler    = 
| current head   = [[Elizabeth II]]
| founding year  = 1858
| dissolution    = 
| ethnicity      = {{W|Scottish people|Scottish}}, {{W|English people|English}}, {{W|German people|German}}
| cadet branches =[[House of Welfburg]]
}}The '''House of Columbia''' (also referred to as the '''House of Sierra''' or the '''Jacobite House''', and in {{W|Scottish Gaelic}}, '''Taigh nan Coluimbia''') is the ruling and founding {{W|royal house}} of the [[Kingdom of Sierra]] and the official successor and continuation of the historic {{W|House of Stuart}}. It is also the royal house of the monarchies in the [[Columbia realm]]s including: [[Cozumel]], [[Guam]], and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]]. Founded on November 28, 1858 by [[Charles I|King Charles I]], on the same day of the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Sierra|new constitution]] and creation of the current government of Sierra, the House of Columbia is one of the three royal houses reigning in the Americas (the others being the Superian [[House of Welfburg]] and the British {{W|House of Windsor}}).

The House is also officially recognized and regarded by the {{W|Jacobitism|Jacobites}} as the {{W|Jacobite succession|rightful successors}} to the throne of the United Kingdom (including {{W|Monarchy of England|England}}, {{W|Monarchy of Scotland|Scotland}}, {{W|Monarchy of Ireland|Ireland}}, and erroneously, the {{W|List of rulers of Wales|Wales}}) The claims to the first four titles were made by Charles I by {{W|royal proclamation|royal edict}} on March 18, 1859 and remain sanctioned to the present-day with current head [[Elizabeth II]] holding the title of ''Queen of Great Britain'' respectively, and other associated titles, although these are purely nominal. The original claim to the French throne was dropped although not formally relinquished in 1919 by King [[Louis I]]. For a time, the House of Columbia was also the ruling house of [[Tondo]], ruling the nation during the [[Tondo under Sierran suzerainty|Tondolese colonial period]] (1905-1941), having removed the [[House of Li]] from power. After Sierra recognized Tondo's independence in 1945, the House of Columbia continued to rule the Tondolese islands of [[Palawan and Cuyo]] until its eventual retrocession to Tondo in 1995.

The House of Columbia is part of the [[Church of New England]] although unlike its {{W|Church of England|English counterpart}}, it is not a {{W|state church}} as the principle of {{W|separation of church and state}} is embodied in the Sierran constitution. The House monarchs have all used the traditional British title of ''{{W|Fidei defensor|Defender of the Faith}}'' in their styles, with the rationale of being in the defense of all faiths, and even the lack thereof. In addition, Columbia has historically claimed the additional throne to France, a claim initially adopted by {{W|James VI and I}}, although this claim has since officially been dropped, by [[Louis I of Sierra|Louis I]] in 1902. The House of Columbia's claims are unrecognized by the government of United Kingdom, which removed the heirs of {{W|James II of England|James II}} from the line of succession through the {{W|Bill of Rights 1689}}, and asserted a new line of succession with the {{W|House of Hanover|Hanovers}} through the {{W|Act of Settlement 1701}}.

The House of Columbia was formed in response to the selection of founder [[Charles I]] as the first king of the new monarchy established in Sierra under the 1858 Constitution. The [[California Republic]], the predecessor state of Sierra, had gained its independence from [[Mexican Social Republic|Mexico]] in 1848 through the {{W|Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo}} following the [[Mexican-American War]], but after ten years, was considered a bureaucratic disaster. In need for a more efficient and stable government, Californian delegates were called to draft a entirely new constitution. The delegation comprised primarily of two factions: republicans and royalists, the former that demanded an [[United States (Altverse)|American]]-styled republic and the other a monarchy. 

Through compromise, it was agreed that the new constitution would incorporate elements of both a monarchy and a democratic republic, with a weak, {{W|figurehead}} monarchy and an American-styled civil government. Convention president Smith Charles Miller, a man who had worked extensively in the Californian government and had ancestral origins to the House of Stuarts, was chosen to lead the nation as its king. Acceding, Smith was crowned King Charles I, and consequently became the head of the newly formed House of Columbia.

Today, the House of Columbia is composed of 5 members in the Royal Family which includes the King and Queen and their children; 11 members in the Extended Court; and hundreds more relatives without a formal title or distinction proscribed. The official motto of the House is ''Renatus et redemit'' or "Redeemed and reborn" in {{W|Latin language|Latin}}–a reference to the House's connection to the fallen House of Stuart.

==History==

===House of Stuart===

:''Main article: {{W|House of Stuart}}''
[[File:James II of England.jpg|thumb|175px|{{W|James II of England}} was exiled to France after he was deposed by his daughter, {{W|Mary II of England|Mary}}, and her husband, {{W|William III of England|William}}.]]
The House of Columbia has lineage to the extinct [[Britain|British]] House of Stuart through {{W|James II of England}}. Prior to the Revolution, the House experienced a lapse in reign when {{W|Oliver Cromwell}} seized control from {{W|Charles I of England|Charles I}}, and had him executed in 1649. After the brief interregnum rule under the {{W|Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth}}, {{W|Charles II of England|Charles II}} {{W|English Restoration|restored}} the monarchy and assumed power. Following his death, his brother, James II succeeded the throne as Charles II produced no legitimate children. James II's reign was embroiled with disagreements with {{W|Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament}}, and James II was ultimately deposed and {{W|exile}}d by his daughter, {{W|Mary II of England|Mary}}, and her husband, {{W|William III of England|William of Orange}} in the {{W|Glorious Revolution}}. 

The political event was partially motivated by religious reasons. During the king's short, three-year long reign, James II troubled members of the opposition with his belief in the {{W|divine right of king}}, his policies of {{W|religious tolerance}}, his open {{W|Catholicism}}, and his close ties with {{W|France}}. The disagreements conflicted with the Parliamentarians' desire to keep England {{W|Protestantism|Protestant}}, and feared the king would undermine Britain's move towards a parliamentary democracy.

By 1688, James II had amassed a large {{W|standing army}} of loyal Catholics from all over the British Isles, given important state positions to Catholics, and issued the {{W|Declaration of Indulgence}}. He also forged an alliance with the {{W|English Dissenters|Dissenters}} and {{W|Nonconformists}}, with the hopes of bringing down of {{W|Church of England|Anglican}} supremacy in Britain. Despite this development, up until this point, opponents tolerated the King's rule. They believed that his reign would only be a temporary setback, as once he died, Mary would succeed him, returning the throne to a Protestant. However, the birth of his son, {{W|James Francis Edward Stuart|James}}, altered the line of succession. Prior to the young prince's birth, the throne would have passed to the King's daughter, Mary, who was a Protestant. With a Catholic as the {{W|heir apparent}}, the possibility of a Catholic dynasty in England became very likely.

Opponents of James II began to conspire against the king, by seeking help from James II's nephew, {{W|William III of England|William Henry of Orange}}, who was a {{W|Stadtholder}} in several {{W|Dutch Republic|Dutch}} provinces. William himself was married to James II's daughter, Mary. Being both Protestants, the two were viewed as the prime candidates to replace James II. Although William had entertained the idea of conquering England, he was fearful of receiving retaliation from his rival, {{W|Louis XIV of France}}, back in the Dutch Republic. Once William was assured he had English support, and he had received financial, military, and political backing from his home country and the {{W|Holy Roman Empire}}, William launched an invasion in England. He issued the Declaration of the Hague, which essentially was William's promise to defend British Protestants, and landed off the coast of Southern England in {{W|Brixham}} on November 5, 1688.

Within weeks, the mere presence of William had inspired thousands of Protestants to riot, and caused many Royalist troops to defect towards the invader's side. William deliberately waited out for James II's regime to collapse on its own, and patiently stalled the advancement of his troops. For James II's part, he was hesitant to muster up a large force to oppose William. Indeed, many of his loyal troops were not eager to fight, and even his own commanders doubted their king's willpower. As rioting worsened in {{W|London}}, James II, his {{W|Mary of Modena|wife}}, and the {{W|James Francis Edward Stuart|Prince of Wales}} attempted to flee on December 10. The following day, the King was captured, and was sent back to London to conduct formal negotiations with his son-in-law. On December 16, James II sent an envoy to arrange a meeting with William. William had, at this point, no more desire to keep the king in power, yet he did not wish to arrest James II. Instead, William sent a letter warning the king that his own personal safety could not be guaranteed. As anti-Catholic rioting intensified, and Queen Mary pleaded him to leave, James II departed from England under the protection of Dutch guardsmen.

Fleeing to France, the {{W|Bill of Rights 1689}} declared James II's departure from England as an effective {{W|abdication}}, transferring the Crown to William and Mary. In addition, the Bill of Rights modified the rules of succession, notably by forbidding any Catholic from inheriting the throne. When William and Mary died, Mary's sister, {{W|Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne}}, succeeded the throne as Mary died childless, and William did not remarry. Anne herself would die without a legal heir, with her only son surviving past infancy, {{W|Prince William, Duke of Gloucester|Prince William}}, dying at the age of 11. Although James II's son, {{W|James Edward Francis Stuart}}, was the closest living relative to Anne at the time of death, he and the rest of James II's children were ineligible for succession as the Bill of Rights forbade Catholic monarchs. Since the Bill of Rights did not provide for any succession beyond Anne, Parliament realized this prior to Anne's death, and passed the {{W|Act of Settlement 1701}} to ensure that the Crown would be preserved in the hands of Protestants. The Act made {{W|Sophia of Hanover|Sophia, Electress of Hanover}}, the granddaughter of {{W|James VI and I}}, the new heir presumptive of Anne. 

In 1714, two months before Anne's death, Sophia died, thus rendering her son, {{W|George I of Great Britain|George}}, the successor. George became the first {{W|House of Hanover|Hanover}} monarch of Britain, thus ending the Stuarts' control over the throne. George's ascension greatly angered Jacobites, who sought to restore the Crown to James II and his heirs, and saw the Hanover succession as illegitimate. In addition, many {{W|Tories}} themselves were sympathetic to the Jacobite cause, and the Spanish Crown supported the Jacobites cause, thus enabling the outburst of the decades-long, albeit sporadic {{W|Jacobite risings}}, that were waged by the Stuart heirs.

Following the failed {{W|Jacobite rising of 1745}} where House heir {{W|Charles Edward Stuart}} was defeated at the {{W|Battle of Culloden}}, the Stuarts extinguished any further prospects to the throne and fled to Spain. The exile in Spain was short-lived, and by 1772, through safe passage by Spanish ship, the Stuarts arrived in the British colony, {{W|Province of New Jersey|New Jersey}}, to meet up and rally Jacobite supporters. The Stuarts hoped to gain the approval of the colonists, have them revolt against {{W|George III of the United Kingdom|King George III}}, and restore the monarchy in the former American colonies. With colonial sentiment fiercely opposed to a monarchy, the Stuarts failed to gather significant support, but their cause was half-fulfilled through the {{W|American Revolution}} in 1765 when the American colonies fought to overthrow British control.

===In the United States===
[[File:Charlotte Stuart.jpg|thumb|175px|left|{{W|Charlotte Stuart}}, later known as Belle Miller, was the sole surviving child of {{W|Henry Benedict Stuart}}, the last heir-head of the House of Stuart. She would be the paternal grandmother of future king [[Charles I]].]]
With the formation of the {{W|United States}}, the {{W|republicanism|republican}} government stripped the Stuarts of their titles, formally ending the House of Stuart. Disgraced and reviled, the Stuart's patriarch, Charles died in 1788 after years of prolonged {{W|alcoholism}} and {{W|depression}}. Charles' brother, {{W|Henry Benedict Stuart}}, disenfranchised of his brother's rights and titles as head of the Stuarts, still chose to pursue the title and but, became a {{W|Catholicism|Catholic}} priest, seemingly threatening to end the House of Stuart, at least, the direct lineage of descendants of James Francis Edward Stuart. Charles' only child who survived past infancy, {{W|Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany|Charlotte Stuart}} (whose {{W|legitimacy (family law)|legitimacy}} remains up to debate) married former {{W|American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War}} captain James Miller and settled in {{W|Newark, New Jersey|Newark}}, {{W|New Jersey}}. Prior to her father's death, Charlotte was named the official heir in Charles Edward's will. Historians have disputed on whether or not her father and mother, {{W|Clementina Walkinshaw}}, were married but Jacobites and the House of Columbia have asserted that Charlotte was indeed legitimate as legal documents signed by Charles Edward indicated that he perceived Charlotte as his rightful heiress. However, there has been no verifiable evidence of any form of marriage between her father and mother, suggesting that either her parents married in secret, and Charlotte was truly a bastard under law. Although she had secured the property of her father following his death, Charlotte Stuart was unable to secure correspondence from any of her relatives or benefactors in France or Italy. Fearing the hatred attached to her family name in both the United States and in her ancestral home, Britain, Stuart took up her husband's name, Miller, and legally renamed herself to Belle to remove local suspicion of her connection to the disgraced family. Nonetheless, public knowledge of her bloodline was widespread, due to her association with her uncle, Bishop Henry, who was open regarding his family, and serviced the Catholic diocese in New Jersey. Belle and James fathered three children, including eldest son [[Gregory Miller|Gregory]], the father of future king [[Charles I]].
[[File:Clan member crest badge - Clan Stewart of Columbia.svg|thumb|220px|The crest used by supporters of the Stewarts in America.]]
Gregory grew up groomed by his parents to lead the family company, [[Miller & Stuart Company]], a business that specialized in shipbuilding and maritime trading. The family was supported by Charlotte's heirlooms and property given to her by Charles Edward Stuart, as well as James Miller's own assets and fortunes from his service in the military. When James Miller died in 1817, Gregory took over the company, and became a locally powerful and well-known leader in the business community, and secured a large estate outside Newark. Prior to his assumption of the family business, Gregory met his wife, Anna Clemens in 1810 during a trip to {{W|New York City}}. Falling in love, the two married the following year and settled in his home in Newark. When the {{W|War of 1812}} broke out, Gregory enlisted and left his pregnant wife in the care of his family. Returning back, Gregory sustained minor injuries, and recovered quickly. The couple welcomed their first child, George in 1813, and Walter in 1819.

===In California and Sierra===


==Members==

The 1858 proclamation of the House of Columbia's creation stated that all Sierran descendants of [[Charles I]] and [[Queen Rachel of Sierra|Rachel]] in the male line were to bear the name Columbia, except for women who married into other families, both royal or common. Presently, all living Sierran male-line descendants descend from the children of [[Louis I]] and [[Queen Martha of Sierra|Martha]], including those of [[Charles, Prince of Mojave]] and [[George, Prince of Sonora]] whose names and issue were restored with their royal titles and rights by Elizabeth I in 1963.

==List of Stuart and Columbia heads==

===Monarchs of Scotland===
[[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg|125px|left]]
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name
! width=7%  | From
! width=7%  | Until
! width=20%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Robert II, King of Scotland.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Robert II of Scotland}}||align="center"|February 22, 1371||align="center"|April 19, 1390||nephew of {{W|David II of Scotland}} who died without issue. Robert's mother {{W|Marjorie Bruce}} was daughter of {{W|Robert I of Scotland}}.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Robert III, King of Scotland.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Robert III of Scotland}} ||align="center"|April 19, 1390||align="center"|April 4, 1406||son of Robert II of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:King James I of Scotland.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James I of Scotland}} ||align="center"|April 4, 1406||align="center"|February 21, 1437||son of Robert III of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James II, King of Scotland.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James II of Scotland}} ||align="center"|February 21, 1437||align="center"|August 3, 1460||son of James I of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James III, King of Scotland.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James III of Scotland}} ||align="center"|August 3, 1460||align="center"|June 11, 1488||son of James II of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James IV of Scotland.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James IV of Scotland}} ||align="center"|June 11, 1488||align="center"|September 9, 1513||son of James III of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James V of Scotland2.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James V of Scotland}} ||align="center"|September 9, 1513||align="center"|December 14, 1542||son of James IV of Scotland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Mary I Queen of Scots.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary I of Scotland}} ||align="center"|December 14, 1542||align="center"|July 24, 1567||daughter of James V of Scotland.
|-
|}

===Monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland===
[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg|90px]][[File:Coat of Arms of Scotland (1603-1649).svg|90px]]
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name
! width=7%  | From
! width=7%  | Until
! width=20%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James VI of Scots.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James VI and I|James VI of Scotland}}<br />and<br />{{W|James VI and I|James I of England}}||align="center"|July 24, 1567<br />and<br />March 24, 1603||align="center"|March 27, 1625||son of {{W|Mary, Queen of Scots}} and {{W|Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley}}. Served as King of Scotland alone, 1567–1603, before inheriting the titles King of England and Ireland, including claim to France from the extinct {{W|House of Tudor|Tudors}}.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:King Charles I after original by van Dyck.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Charles I of England}}, Scotland & Ireland||align="center"|March 27, 1625||align="center"|January 30, 1649 (executed) ||son of James VI of Scotland & I of England & Ireland.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles II of England.jpeg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Charles II of England}}, Scotland & Ireland||align="center"|January 30, 1649 (de jure); May 2, 1660 (de facto)||align="center"|February 6, 1685||son of Charles I of England, Scotland & Ireland. Prevented from ascending the throne during the republican rule of the {{W|Commonwealth of England}}, but then accepted {{D|retroactive|retroactively}} as king.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James II by John Riley.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James II of England|James VII of Scotland}}<br />and<br />{{W|James II of England}} and Ireland||align="center"|February 6, 1685||align="center"|February 13, 1689<br />(exiled)||brother of Charles II of England, Scotland & Ireland, who died with without legitimate issue. Son of Charles I. Overthrown at the {{W|Glorious Revolution|Revolution of 1688}} and exiled to France. Direct ancestor of the House of Columbia.
|-bgcolor="#EEB4B4"
|align="center"|[[File:Queen Mary II.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Mary II of England}}, Scotland and Ireland*||align="center"|February 13, 1689||align="center"|December 28, 1694||daughter of James II of England and Ireland & VII of Scotland, who was still alive and pretending to the throne in France. Co-monarch was {{W|William III of England|William III & II}} who outlived Mary.
|-bgcolor="#EEB4B4"
|align="center"|[[File:Anniex.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne of Great Britain and Ireland}}*||align="center"|March 8, 1702||align="center"|August 1, 1714||sister of Mary II. daughter of James II of England and Ireland & VII of Scotland. Name of state changed to Great Britain with the political {{W|Acts of Union 1707}}, though family used the title since James I & VI. Died issueless, rights legally passed to {{W|House of Hanover}}. Transfer of rights unrecognized by Jacobites.
|-
|}

{{Color box|#EEB4B4|*''Not recognized in the Jacobite Succession''}}

===Pretenders of Great Britain and Ireland===
[[File:Coat of Arms of the Stuart Princes of Wales (1610-1688).svg|125px]]
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name<br />''Jacobite name''
! width=7%  | From
! width=7%  | Until
! width=20%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-
|align="center"|[[File:James II by John Riley.png|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James II of England|James VII of Scotland}}<br />and<br />{{W|James II of England}} and Ireland||align="center"|December 11, 1688 (England and Ireland)/March 14, 1689 (Scotland)||align="center"|September 16, 1701||son of Charles I. Overthrown at the {{W|Glorious Revolution|Revolution of 1688}} and exiled to France. Direct ancestor of the House of Columbia.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Prince James Francis Edward Stuart by Alexis Simon Belle.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|James Francis Edward Stuart}}<br />''(James III & VII)''<br />''(The Old Pretender)''||align="center"|September 16, 1701||align="center"|January 1, 1766||son of James II and {{W|Mary of Modena}}. Contested the throne with Hanover {{W|George I of Great Britain|King George I}}.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles Edward Stuart.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Charles Edward Stuart}}<br />''(Charles III)''<br />''(The Young Pretender)''<br />''(Bonnie Prince Charlie)''||align="center"|January 1, 1766||align="center"|January 31, 1788||son of "James III" and {{W|Maria Klementyna Sobieska}}. Contested the throne with Hanover {{W|George II of Great Britain|King George II}}.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Maurice Quentin de La Tour Prince Henry Benedict Clement Stuart.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|{{W|Henry Benedict Stuart}}<br />''(Henry IX & I)''<br />''(Bishop Duke of York)''||align="center"|January 31, 1788||align="center"|July 13, 1807||brother of "Charles III". Inheritance to the throne originally the result of the initial belief that "Charles III" produced no legitimate children. Became Bishop of the {{W|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark|Diocese of Newark}}.
|}

===Heads in America and Monarchs of the Columbia Realms===
[[File:Coat of arms of Stuart Prince of Wales.png|125px]][[File:Coat of arms of Sierra.svg|125px]][[File:Coat of arms of Palawan and Cuyo.png|125px]][[File:Greater coat of arms of Alaska.png|100px]][[File:Coat of arms of Guam.png|105px]][[File:Coat of arms of the Northern Mariana Islands.png|100px]]
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Portrait
! width=20% | Name<br />(''[[Jacobitism in Sierra|Jacobite]] name'')<br />(''Qualifier name'')
! width=20% | {{W|Era name}}<br />(''Romanized era name'')
! width=7%  | From
! width=7%  | Until
! width=20%  | Relationship with predecessor
|-bgcolor="#EEB4B4"
|align="center"|[[File:Charlotte Stuart.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charlotte Stuart]]<br />''(Charlotte I)''<br />''(Duchess of Albany)''<br />''(Belle Miller)''||align="center"|—||align="center"|July 13, 1807||align="center"|February 16, 1831||niece of "Henry IX & I". Natural daughter of "Charles III". Later legitimized by "Charles III" and recognized by "Henry IX & I" as his successor.
|-bgcolor="#EEB4B4"
|align="center"|[[File:Gregory Miller.png|80px]]||align="center"|[[Gregory Miller]]<br />''(James IV & IX)''||align="center"|—||align="center"|February 16, 1831||align="center"|November 28, 1858<br />(relinquished)||son of "Charlotte I" and [[James Miller]]. Founder of the [[Miller & Stuart Co.]].
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Charles I.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Charles I of Sierra]]<br />''(Charles IV & I)''<br />''(The Redeemed Pretender)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkred|赎桂}}}}</font><br />(''Shù Guì''){{Ref|a|a}}{{Ref|h|h}}||align="center"|November 28, 1858||align="center"|August 15, 1893||son of "James IV & IX" and Anna, Duchess of Napa. Founder of the House of Columbia. First Jacobite successor since James II to assume a royal title (as [[Monarchy of Sierra|King of Sierra]]).
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Louis I.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Louis I of Sierra]]<br />''(Charles V & II)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkred|大人}}}}</font><br />(''Dà Rén''){{Ref|b|b}}||align="center"|August 15, 1893||align="center"|June 23, 1927||son of Charles I of Sierra. Became the first [[Monarchy of Alaska|King]] of [[Alaska]] in 1912. Dropped the claim to the defunct French throne. Became [[Monarchy of Tondo|Emperor of Tondo]] in 1902.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Louis II.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Louis II of Sierra]]<br />''(Henry X, II, & I)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkred|真和}}}}</font><br />(''Zhēn Hé''){{Ref|c|c}}||align="center"|June 23, 1927||align="center"|September 18, 1945||son of Louis I of Sierra.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Lewis III.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Louis III of Sierra]]<br />''(Robert I & IV)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkred|公榮}}}}</font><br />(''Gōng Róng''){{Ref|d|d}}||align="center"|September 18, 1945||align="center"|September 9, 1965||son of Louis II of Sierra. Dropped the title of ''Emperor of Tondo''.
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Elizabeth I.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Elizabeth I of Sierra]]<br />''(Alexis I)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkred|護息}}}}</font><br />(''Hù Xi''){{Ref|e|e}}||align="center"|September 9, 1965||align="center"|October 17, 2005||daughter of Louis III. Became the first monarch of [[Guam]] and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] in 1975. Succeeded the throne instead of her older brother, [[Prince Charles, Duke of Puerto Princesa]]
|-
|align="center"|[[File:Stephen Colbert December 2019.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Smith, Duke of Cabo|Charles II of Sierra]]<br />''(Andrew)''<br />''(Duke of Cabo)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|gray|和路}}}}</font><br />(Hé Lù){{Ref|f|f}}||align="center"|October 17, 2005||align="center"|June 21, 2015<br />(abdicated)||son of Elizabeth I of Sierra. [[Abdication of Charles II|Abdicated]] in 2015 in favor of his eldest daughter, Elisa.
|-bgcolor="#EEDC82"
|align="center"|[[File:Elizabeth II 2018.jpg|80px]]||align="center"|[[Elizabeth II of Sierra]]<br />''(Elisa)''||align="center"|<font face="Times New Roman">{{Resize|140%|{{Color|darkblue|愛的}}}}</font><br />(Ài De){{Ref|g|g}}||align="center"|June 21, 2015||align="center"|Incumbent||daughter of Charles II of Sierra.
|}
:{{Note|a}}a. Literally ''Redeemed Gui''; deviation from 赎回贵族 ("redeemed nobility")
:{{Note|b}}b. Literally ''great man''
:{{Note|c}}c. Literally ''true peace'', but conventionally understood as ''true true'' ("true and true"); deviation from 認真和諧 (''serious and harmonious'')
:{{Note|d}}d. Literally ''honorable glory'' or ''pride''
:{{Note|e}}e. Literally ''protect interest'' or ''care''; deviation from 保護消息 ("protect the message'")
:{{Note|f}}f. Literally "peaceful road"; deviation from 和平的道路 ("the road to peace")
:{{Note|g}}g. Literally ''loving virtue''; deviation from 愛的美德 ("the virtue of love")
:{{Note|h}}h. Given era name posthumously
{{Color box|#EEB4B4|*''Never reigned as monarch''}}

==Royal family tree==

The family tree below depicted only includes the monarchs, their consorts, and their issue starting with the respective civilian parents of Charles I and Rachel of Sierra.

{{Sierra royal family tree}}

==Titles==

===Monarch===

'''[[Monarchy of Sierra|King/Queen]] of Sierra''' [[File:Flag of Sierra.svg|22x20px|border]]
:''{{Small|Ceremonial Titles}}''
*Protector of All Sierrans [[File:Flag of Sierra (military).svg|22x20px]]
*Archduke/Archduchess of Sierra [[File:Flag of Sierra.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Duke/Duchess of Sonoma [[File:Flag of Sonoma.png|22x20px|border]]
*Duke/Duchess of Monterey [[File:Flag of Monterey.svg|22x20px|border]]

:''{{Small|Jurisdictional Titles}}''
*Sovereign of Sierra [[File:Flag of Sierra (civil).svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign of Los Pacifícos [[File:Flag of Pacifico Norte.svg|22x20px|border]] / [[File:Flag of Pacifico Sur.svg|22x20px]]
*Sovereign of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign of Rapa Nui [[File:Flag of Rapa Nui.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign of Bénieîle [[File:Flag of Bénieîle.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign of the Channel Islands [[File:Flag of the Channel Islands.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign/Paramount Chief of the Sierran Samoa [[File:Flag of Sierran Samoa.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign/Paramount Chief of the Hawaiian and Midwayan Islands [[File:Flag of Hawaii (Sierra).svg|22x20px|border]]
*Righteous Sovereign of the Deseret [[File:Flag of Deseret.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Most High Lord/Lady of Cancún and Yucatán [[File:Flag of Cancún.svg|22x20px|border]] / [[File:Flag of Yucatan.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Sovereign of All Other Loyal Lands and Islands of Sierra [[File:Flag of Pacific Crown Islands.svg|22x20px|border]]
*High Lord Superintendent of the Realm [[File:Flag of Sierra.svg|22x20px|border]]

'''King/Queen of the {{W|United Kingdom}}''' (disputed; nominal)  [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22x20px|border]]
:''{{Small|Titles of Pretense}}''
*Sovereign of England [[File:Flag of England.svg|22x20px|border]]
*Chief of Scots [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|22x20px|border]]
*King of Ireland [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|22x20px|border]]
*''Prince of Wales'' [[File:Flag of Wales.svg|22x20px|border]] (erroneous claim)

'''King/Queen of {{W|France}}''' (disputed; nominal) [[File:Flag of France.svg|22x20px|border]] (historical; 1859–1919)
:''Title of Pretense''

'''[[List of monarchs of Tondo|Emperor/Empress]] of [[Tondo]]''' [[File:Flag of Tondo.svg|22x20px|border]] (historical; 1902–45)
*Sovereign of [[Palawan and Cuyo]] [[File:Flag of Palawan and Cuyo.png|22x20px|border]] (historical; 1946–96)

'''Commander-in-Chief of the [[Sierran Crown Armed Forces]] [[File:Flag of Sierra (military).svg|22x20px]]'''
:''{{Small|Military Ranks}}''
*Colonel-in-Chief of the Occidental Guards
*Colonel-in-Chief of the King/Queen's Loyal Regiments
*Captain-General of the Royal Army
*Brigadier-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force
*Lord/Lady High Admiral of the Royal Navy
*Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Marines Corps
*Lord/Lady High Admiral of the Royal Coast Guard
*Patron of the Royal Cyber Defense Force
*Honorary Paramount Chief of the National Guard
*Grand Scoutmaster of the Royal Surveyors' Commissioned Corps
*Honorary Director-General of the Royal Park Services Commissioned Corps
*Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Engineers Corps

'''King/Queen of [[Guam]]''' [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|22x20px|border]]

'''King/Queen of the [[Northern Mariana Islands]]''' [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|22x20px|border]]

===Consort===

'''Queen Consort/Prince Consort of Sierra'''
*Archduchess of Sierra/Duke of El Capitan
*Grand Dame/Knight of the Celebrated Order of the Golden Poppy
*Grand Dame/Knight of the Order of Merit
*Grand Dame/Knight of the Royal Order of the Rose of Sharon
*Grand Dame/Knight of the Royal Order of the Navel
*Coronet of the Order of the Harmonious Kingdom
*Coronet of the Order of the Pacific
*Member First Class of the Royal Family of King Charles I
*Member First Class of the Order of the Tricolor
*Member First Class of the Order of the Encircled Star
*Member First Class of the Order of King Charles I
*Member First Class of the Order of King Louis I
*Member First Class of the Order of Queen Elizabeth I
*Member First Class of the Royal Family of King Charles II
*Lady/Lord of His/Her Royal Highness' Most Honorable Privy Council
*Personal Aide-de-Camp to His/Her Royal Highness
*Lady/Lord Patron of Sierra

===Other===

'''Crown Prince/Princess of Mojave'''
*Crown Prince/Princess of Sierra
*Duke/Duchess of Mojave
*Earl/Countess of Palm Springs
*Baron/Baroness of Barstow
*Lord/Lady of the Channel Islands

'''Prince/Princess of Sonora'''

'''Prince/Princess of Colorado'''

'''Prince/Princess of Tahoe'''

'''Prince/Princess of Monterey'''

'''Prince/Princess of Sonoma'''

'''Duke/Duchess of Cabo'''

==See also==

*[[Monarchy of Sierra]]
*{{W|House of Stuart}}
*[[House of Carlotte|House of Carlotte-Ostre de Hapsburg]]
*[[Van Draak family]]

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou| House of Columbia<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Columbia.svg|120px]]|||| name='''{{W|Royal house}}''' }}
{{S-bef| before={{W|House of Stuart}}}}
{{S-ttl| title=Stuart–Columbia | years=1371–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-new|house}}
{{S-ttl| title=Ruling house of the [[Kingdom of Sierra]] | years=1858–present }}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-new|house}}
{{S-ttl| title=Ruling house of the [[Alaska|Kingdom of Alaska]] | years=1912–present }}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-new|house}}
{{S-ttl| title=Ruling house of the [[Guam|Commonwealth of Guam]] | years=1975–present }}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-new|house}}
{{S-ttl| title=Ruling house of the [[Northern Mariana Islands|Federation of the Northern Mariana Islands]] | years=1975–present }}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-bef| before=[[Yi dynasty]]}}
{{S-ttl| title=Ruling house of the [[Tondo|Tondolese Empire]] | years=1902–1945 }}
{{s-aft| after=[[Yi dynasty]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{House of Columbia}}
{{Sierra monarchy list}}
[[Category:House of Columbia]]