View source for Serran language

{{Icons|Former Altverse}}
{{Superseded}}
{{Infobox Language
|name = Serra Language<br />
|nativename = {{SerranScript|Serra Langana}}<br />Serră Langană
|region = Western {{W|North America}}
|created = 20th century
|iso3 = sb
|fam1 = {{W|Language isolate}}
|fam2 = 
|fam3 = 
|fam4 = 
|dia1 = 
|dia2 = 
|dia3 = 
|script = {{W|Latin alphabet}}, Serran alphabet
|nation = 
|agency = International Order of the Serran Language
|minority ={{Flag|Sierra}}<br />{{Flag|United States|enwiki}}
|map = 
|mapsize = 
|mapcaption = 
|date = 2014
|speakers = 15,000,000~
|fam5 = 
|states = [[File:Flag of Brazoria.png|22x20px|border]] [[Brazoria]]<br />[[File:Modern Burgundy (Pax Columbia)-1-.png|22x20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Columbia|Columbia]] <br />{{Flag|Sierra}}<br />{{Flag|United States|enwiki}}
}}
'''Serran''' (Serran: {{SerranScript|Serra Langana|12}}; {{W|Romanization|Romanized}}: ''Serră Langană'') is a {{W|constructed language}} spoken primarily in [[Brazoria]], [[Kingdom of Columbia|Columbia]], [[Kingdom of Sierra|Sierra]], and the [[United States (Altverse)|United States]]. It is the official {{W|liturgy|liturgical}} language of the [[Canaanism|Canaanite]] faith. Approximately 15 million speak Serran worldwide, with 95% of the speakers living within {{W|North America}}. It was created in 1867 by social {{W|Progressivism|progressives}} seeking to overcome language barriers and unite racial differences by replacing {{W|English language|English}}. The hope would be the creation of a purely Sierran-borne language (hence the name, ''Serră Langană'') which literally translates into "Sierran Language") to complement Sierra's new [[Culture of Sierra|culture]]. It would later be adopted by Canaanites in 1910 seeking to pursue a similar goal of bringing down barriers and centering around a new, unique culture.

The goals of the original Serran proponents have never been realized as most Sierrans found it unnecessary in learning a new language and claimed that it would be confusing to both natives and foreigners. However, Serran's usage in Canaanism has flourished with its use pervasive in both worship services and the Canaanite secular culture. In Sierra, the language has been preserved to the present-day and is taught in most higher education classes. Revived proposals to promote the use and study of the Serran language as a secular working language have appeared and was made an official language by [[Parliament of Sierra|Parliament]] in 2011.

Being a constructed language, it is an {{W|language isolate|isolated language}} in its own right. Today, the International Order of the Serran Language is the official governing body which oversees the use of the language and is based in [[Porciúncula]]. 

==History==

==Linguistic properties==

===Alphabet===

There are 33 letters in the Serran language (26 "standard" and 7 "special" characters) which are based on no particular script. There are no {{W|letter case|minuscule counterparts}} to the letters in Sierran script. The {{W|Romanization|Romanized}} form of the Serran alphabet, however, features minuscule forms and additional letters to the traditional 26. Aside from the Roman letters, there are several diacritics including ''Á'' and ''Ê'' which are used to denote stress on the particular vowel or syllable. However, Serran is a non-{{W|tone (linguistics)|tonal}} language with rare instances of letters deviating from their "normal" sound on the alphabet with certain words or letter-combinations. The alphabet system has however, been manipulated and experimented in a way that thousands of new {{W|phoneme|phonemes}} previously nonexistent in Serran to arise.

{| cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
<center>'''Standard Characters'''</center>
|-
|Aa<br />{{IPA|/ə/}}, {{IPA|/eɪ/}}, {{IPA|/æ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|A|25}}||Bb<br />{{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/ɓ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|B|25}}|||Cc<br />{{IPA|/ɕ/}}, {{IPA|/c/}}<br />{{SerranScript|C|25}}|||Dd<br />{{IPA|/d/}}<br />{{SerranScript|D|25}}|||Ee<br />{{IPA|/ɛ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|E|25}}|||Ff<br />{{IPA|/f/}}<br />{{SerranScript|F|25}}|||Gg<br />{{IPA|/g/}}<br />{{SerranScript|G|25}}|||Hh<br />{{IPA|/h/}}<br />{{SerranScript|H|25}}|||Ii<br />{{IPA|/i/}}<br />{{SerranScript|I|25}}|||Jj<br />{{IPA|/dʒ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|J|25}}|||Kk<br />{{IPA|/k/}}<br />{{SerranScript|K|25}}|||Ll<br />{{IPA|/l/}}<br />{{SerranScript|L|25}}|||Mm<br />{{IPA|/m/}}<br />{{SerranScript|M|25}}
|-
|Nn<br />{{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/ŋ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|N|25}}|||Oo<br />{{IPA|/oʊ/}}, {{IPA|/aʊ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|O|25}}|||Pp<br />{{IPA|/p/}}<br />{{SerranScript|P|25}}||Qq<br />{{IPA|/q/}}<br />{{SerranScript|Q|25}}|||Rr<br />{{IPA|/r/}}<br />{{SerranScript|R|25}}|||Ss<br />{{IPA|/s/}}<br />{{SerranScript|S|25}}|||Tt<br />{{IPA|/t/}}<br />{{SerranScript|T|25}}|||Uu<br />{{IPA|/u/}}<br />{{SerranScript|U|25}}|||Vv<br />{{IPA|/v/}}<br />{{SerranScript|V|25}}|||Ww<br />{{IPA|/w/}}<br />{{SerranScript|W|25}}|||Xx<br />{{IPA|/tʃ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|X|25}}|||Yy<br />{{IPA|/ʎ/}}<br />{{SerranScript|Y|25}}|||Zz<br />{{IPA|/z/}}<br />{{SerranScript|Z|25}}
|}

The standard characters are the original 26 letters created to supplement the reading and writing of the Serran language in a unique form of script. Most letters correspond roughly to their English counterparts in terms of pronunciation although there are some exceptions. In addition, the Serran alphabet is organized by letters and sound identically to that of {{W|Latin script}}.

{| cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
<center>'''Special Characters'''</center>
|-
|Ââ<br />{{IPA|/eɪ/}}<br />[[File:Serran Â.png|25px]]||Ăă<br />{{IPA|/æ/}}<br />[[File:Serran Ă.png|25px]]||Ƃƃ<br />{{IPA|/ɓ/}}<br />[[File:Serran Ƃ.png|15px]]||Çç<br />{{IPA|/c/}}<br />[[File:Serran Ç.png|16px]]||Ññ<br />{{IPA|/ŋ/}}<br />[[File:Serran N (with tilde).png|25px]]|||Øø<br />{{IPA|/aʊ/}}<br />[[File:Serran Ø.png|25px]]|||ẞß<br />{{IPA|/ʃ/}}<br />[[File:Serran ẞ.png|22px]]
|}

The special characters are 7 letters (both in Serran and the Romanized form) that were officially amended to the Serran alphabet to differentiate the specific sounds of the letters A ({{SerranScript|A|10}}), B ({{SerranScript|B|10}}), C ({{SerranScript|C|10}}), N ({{SerranScript|N|10}}), O ({{SerranScript|O|10}}), and S ({{SerranScript|S|10}}). The usage of the special characters are, however, purely cosmetic and can be interchanged with its standard counterpart. The aim of the special characters were to give clarity to learners as well as provide context to words placed in indiscernible situations or awkward syntax.

===Phonology===

====Consonants====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Serran
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | {{W|Bilabial consonant|Bilabial}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br />dental}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|Dental consonant|Dental}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|Alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar}}
! rowspan="2" | {{W|Palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|velar consonant|Velar}}
! colspan="2" | {{W|glottal consonant|Glottal}}
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>{{W|Palatalization (phonetics)|pala.}}</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>pala.</small>
|-
! {{W|Nasal consonant|Nasal}}
| {{W|Bilabial consonant|m}}
| 
| 
| {{W|Alveolar consonant|n}}
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
| {{W|Velar nasal|ŋ}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{W|stop consonant|Stop}}
| {{W|Voiceless bilabial stop|p}}<br />{{W|Voiced bilabial stop|b}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless alveolar stop|t}}<br />{{W|Voiced alveolar stop|d}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless velar stop|k}}<br />{{W|Voiced velar stop|ɡ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! {{W|Affricate consonant|Affricate}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{W|Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|tʃ}} <br /> {{W|Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|dʒ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! {{W|Fricative consonant|Fricative}}
| {{W|Voiceless labiodental fricative|f}}<br />{{W|Voiced labiodental fricative|v}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless dental fricative|θ}}<br />{{W|Voiced dental fricative|ð}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless alveolar fricative|s}}<br />{{W|Voiced alveolar fricative|z}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant|ʃ}}<br />{{W|Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant|ʒ}}
|{{W|Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|ɕ}}
|
|
|

| {{W|Voiceless velar fricative|x}}
|
| {{W|Voiceless glottal fricative|h}}
|
|-
! {{W|Approximant consonant|Approximant}}
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="4" | r
| {{W|Palatal approximant|j}}
| colspan="2" | {{W|Labio-velar approximant|w}}
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! {{W|Lateral consonant|Lateral}}
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | {{W|Alveolar lateral consonant|l}}
| colspan="2" | 
|
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
|}
*All of the consonants except approximants can be {{W|gemination|geminated}}.

====Vowels====

{|
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ monophthongs
|-
! IPA || Word || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| {{W|Close front unrounded vowel|i}} || {{SerranScript|Sifa}} || S'''<u>i</u>'''fa || Where
|-
| {{W|Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ}} || {{SerranScript|Jidka}} || J'''<u>i</u>'''dka || What
|-
| {{W|Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ}} || {{SerranScript|Esali}} || '''<u>E</u>'''sali || Ground
|-
| {{W|Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ}} || {{SerranScript|Ashana}} || '''<u>Ă</u>'''shana || Kitchen
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ monophthongs
|-
! IPA || Word || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| {{W|Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ}} || {{SerranScript|Male}} || Mal'''<u>ê</u>'''  || Shadow
|-
| {{W|Mid central vowel|ə}} || {{SerranScript|Venida}} || Venid'''<u>a</u>''' || Ocean
|-
| {{W|Open-mid central unrounded vowel|ɜr}} || {{SerranScript|Ler}} ||  L'''<u>er</u>''' || Cruelty
|-
| {{W|Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ}} || {{SerranScript|Suudi}} || S'''<u>uu</u>'''di || Milk
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ monophthongs
|-
! IPA || Word || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| {{W|Close back rounded vowel|u}} || {{SerranScript|Nuna}} || N'''<u>u</u>'''nă || Girl
|-
| {{W|Near-close near-back vowel|ʊ}} || {{SerranScript|Moana}} || M'''<u>oa</u>'''na || Tree
|-
| {{W|Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ}} || {{SerranScript|Yahni}} || Y'''<u>ah</u>'''ni || Beautiful
|-
| {{W|Open back unrounded vowel|a}} || {{SerranScript|Hosst}} || H'''<u>oß</u>'''t || Insurance
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ diphthongs
|-
! IPA || Word || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| eɪ || {{SerranScript|Prasa}} || Pr'''<u>âs</u>'''ă || [[Prussia]]
|-
| oʊ || {{SerranScript|Sota}} || S'''<u>ot</u>'''ai || Soda
|-
| aɪ || {{SerranScript|Baiski}} || B'''<u>ai</u>'''ski || Sheep
|-
| aʊ || {{SerranScript|Lowdi}} || L'''<u>ow</u>'''di || Rude
|-
| ɔɪ || {{SerranScript|Choi}} || Ch'''<u>oi</u>''' || Exceptional
|}
|}

===Grammar===

Serran is an {{W|inflection|inflected}} language with a two-{{W|gender}} noun system. Serran has two {{W|morphology (linguistics)|morphological tenses}}: the present and the past. References to the future can be achieved through modal auxiliary verbs with the present-tense verbs. Nouns and verbs are generally inflected based on gender, number, and seniority. Although Serran is considered predominantly {{W|branching (linguistics)|right-branched}} (due to its verbs preceding direct objects), it features some left-branched features, mainly {{W|adjective}}s being placed before nouns. {{W|Preposition and postposition|Prepositions}} are also present in the language and sentences are generally structured in {{W|subject–verb–object}} (SVO) order.

Like most {{W|Indo-European languages}}, of which Serran is structured after, Serran follows the rules and characteristics of {{W|Nominative–accusative language|accusative}} {{W|morphosyntactic alignment}}.

{| style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
| || || || || || || ||'''Example'''|| || || || || || ||
|-
| {{SerranScript|Ne}} || {{SerranScript|cha}} || {{SerranScript|pashi}} || {{SerranScript|ki}} || {{SerranScript|ne}} || {{SerranScript|Dasha}} || {{SerranScript|ne}} || {{SerranScript|Serra}} || {{SerranScript|tal}} || {{SerranScript|ki}} || {{SerranScript|Dash}} || {{SerranScript|seyo}} || {{SerranScript|pashtan}} || {{SerranScript|mashal}}
|-
| ''Ne'' || ''chă'' || ''pashi'' || ''ki'' || ''na'' || ''Dashâ'' || ''ki'' || ''Serră'' || ''tăl'' || ''ne'' || ''Dash'' || ''seyo'' || ''pashtân'' || ''mashal''
|-
| The || great || leader || of || the || Kingdom || of || Sierra || is || the || King || who || rules || fairly
|-
| '''Det.''' || '''Adj.''' || '''Noun''' || '''Prep.''' || '''Det.''' || '''Noun''' || '''Prep.''' || '''Noun''' || '''Coupla''' || '''Det.''' || '''Noun''' || '''Pronoun''' || '''Verb''' || '''Adv.'''
|}

====Nouns====

=====Gender=====

Serran nouns are inflected based on gender, number, possession, and seniority. There are two main categories of nouns: {{W|proper noun}}s and common nouns, with the latter further divided into concrete and abstract nouns, and count and mass nouns.

Generally, nouns are inflected to reflect the gender of the subject or object it is referring to. Nouns themselves, typically have a conventional, "default" gender form. The grammatical rules on gender with nouns generally apply to adjectives to which are dependent on the nouns they are describing. Feminine words typically end with the suffix ''-a'' ({{SerranScript|a}}) or ''-i'' ({{SerranScript|i}}), while masculine words end with ''-o'' ({{SerranScript|o}}) or ''-e'' ({{SerranScript|e}}). The definite articles for feminine nouns are ''na'' ({{SerranScript|na}}; the) and ''ita'' ({{SerranScript|ita}}; a) while the masculine versions are ''ne'' ({{SerranScript|ne}}) and ''ito'' ({{SerranScript|ito}}) respectively. Ambiguous and invariable nouns (i.e., those that do not end with either ''-a'', ''-e'', ''-i'', or ''-o'', are under most cases, treated as masculine nouns. The following examples assume the default [[Serran language#Seniority|seniority]] case or the case assumed when two people have a similar age, status, and relationship.

{| style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
| {{SerranScript|Ne}} || {{SerranScript|nune}} || {{SerranScript|hantani}} || {{SerranScript|garao}}
|-
| ''Ne'' || ''nune'' || ''hantâni'' || ''garao''
|-
|The || girl || ate || fruit
|}
All indirect objects, except for pronouns, must be inflected based on the subject or object it is related to regardless of its own default form. In this case, "nună" ({{SerranScript|nuna}}) or girl, a feminine noun, is modified to become masculine as "nune" ({{SerranScript|nune}}) because "garao" ({{SerranScript|garao}}), is the direct object and is a masculine noun. Consequently, the definite article "na" ({{SerranScript|na}}) becomes "ne" ({{SerranScript|ne}}).

=====Number=====

{|
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Masculine
|-
! Singular || Romanized || Plural || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| {{SerranScript|Garao}} || Garao || {{SerranScript|Garaote}} || Garaote || Fruit/Fruits
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Feminine
|-
! Singular || Romanized || Plural || Romanized || Meaning
|-
| {{SerranScript|Mali}} || Măli || {{SerranScript|Malita}} || Mălita || Dress/Dresses
|}
|}

Most count nouns can be inflected with for a plural number through the suffix ''-te''/''-to'' ({{SerranScript|te}}/{{SerranScript|to}}; masculine) or ''-ta''/''-ti'' ({{SerranScript|ta}}/{{SerranScript|ti}}; feminine).

=====Possession=====

=====Seniority=====

===Vocabulary===

===Sample texts===

<!---
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!English || Serran
|-
|Hello. || Solvă.
|-
|Yes. || Eto.
|-
|No. || No.
|-
|Good morning. || Bonă mâni.
|-
|Good evening. || Bonă vâspără.
|-
|Good night. || Bonă notâ.
|-
|Goodbye. || Vală.
|-
|What is your name? || Quâ esta tus nømâ?
|-
|My name is Marc. || Miă nømâ esta Mark.
|-
|How are you? || Quâm estas vu?
|-
|I am well. || Ego so etem.
|-
|Do you speak Serran? || Fâ vu loqa Serră?
|-
|I don't understand you. || Ego fâ nom intăñ.
|-
|All right. || Lită.
|-
|Okay. || Călide.
|-
|Thank you. || Loră vu.
|-
|You're welcome. || Vu estas grătă.
|-
|Please. || Favâ.
|-
|Forgive me/Excuse me || Pardonă miă.
|-
|Bless you! || ɓunâ vu!
|-
|Congratulations! || Grătes!
|-
|I love you. || Miă ămâ vu.
|-
|One beer, please || Unâ cervă, favâ.
|-
|Where is the toilet? || Ubânâ esta en secrăto?
|-
|What is that? || Quâ esta quădâ?
|-
|That is a dog || Quădâ esta un cănis.
|-
|We will love! || Nosă ve ămâ!
|-
|Peace! || Păsi!
|-
|I am a beginner in Serran. || Ego so un tiră in Serră.
|-
|Liberty without sacrifice. || Libertă sină sacrăfe.
|-
|Long live the King! || Diu vive en reso!
|}
--->

==Status and usage==

==See also==

[[Category:Decanonized Altverse content]]