Nicaragua: Difference between revisions
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'''Nicaragua''', officially the '''Federal State of Nicaragua''' (Spanish: ''Estado Federal de Nicaragua''), is a state located in [[Federation of Central America|Central America]]. It is the TBD state in terms of area and the fifth most populous state in the country. The capital and largest city of Nicaragua is Managua. It is bordered by [[Victoria (FCA)|Victoria]] and [[Honduras (FCA)|Honduras]] in the north, [[Zelaya (FCA)|Zelaya]] in the east, Pacific Ocean in the west, and [[Punta (FCA)|Punta]] and [[Costa Rica (FCA)|Costa Rica]] in the south. | '''Nicaragua''', officially the '''Federal State of Nicaragua''' (Spanish: ''Estado Federal de Nicaragua''), is a state located in [[Federation of Central America|Central America]]. It is the TBD state in terms of area and the fifth most populous state in the country. The capital and largest city of Nicaragua is Managua. It is bordered by [[Victoria (FCA)|Victoria]] and [[Honduras (FCA)|Honduras]] in the north, [[Zelaya (FCA)|Zelaya]] in the east, Pacific Ocean in the west, and [[Punta (FCA)|Punta]] and [[Costa Rica (FCA)|Costa Rica]] in the south. | ||
It was originally inhabited by many indigenous people since the ancient times and Nicaragua became a part of the Spanish Empire with almost 200 years. It became a part of First Mexican Empire in 1821, a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1823, and it became an independent republic in 1838. After some several coups, José Santos Zelaya was elected as president in 1893 and he reformed the country at that time and he also acquired Mosquito Coast (now parts of [[Honduras (FCA)|Honduras]] and [[Zelaya (FCA)|Zelaya]]) from the British Empire. By the support of [[Sierra]], the Nicaragua Canal was completed its construction in 1919 during the presidency of [[Luis Filipe Estrada]]. From 1937 until 1979, the Salazar family ruled the [[Republic of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] and their power was began by [[Oscar Salazar]]. The [[Central American crisis]] was began in 1979 as the [[Landonist]] revolution began | It was originally inhabited by many indigenous people since the ancient times and Nicaragua became a part of the Spanish Empire with almost 200 years. It became a part of First Mexican Empire in 1821, a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1823, and it became an independent republic in 1838. After some several coups, José Santos Zelaya was elected as president in 1893 and he reformed the country at that time and he also acquired Mosquito Coast (now parts of [[Honduras (FCA)|Honduras]] and [[Zelaya (FCA)|Zelaya]]) from the British Empire. By the support of [[Sierra]], the Nicaragua Canal was completed its construction in 1919 during the presidency of [[Luis Filipe Estrada]]. From 1937 until 1979, the Salazar family ruled the [[Republic of Nicaragua|Nicaragua]] and their power was began by [[Oscar Salazar]]. The [[Central American crisis]] was began in 1979 as the [[Landonist]] revolution began in the country. In 1985, the Treaty of Sonsonate was signed to end the war in Central America and Nicaragua became a federal state itself. [[Jorge Castellon]] became the interim governor of Nicaragua in 1986 but he lost to [[Carlos Ian Palacios]] in the same position in 1987 elections. There are some territorial changes that happened in the state. The eastern part of Nicaragua became a federal state under the name of Zelaya in 1996 after a plebiscite while the department of Chinandega became a part of newly-created state of Victoria in 2002. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
There are two possible theories on how the name "Nicaragua" originated. The first theory is that the name was coined by the Spanish colonists and it is originated from the name Nicarao, who was the chieftain of a powerful tribe encountered by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gonz%C3%A1lez_D%C3%A1vila Gil González Dávila] in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and ''agua'' (Spanish for "water"). The second theory is that the country's name comes from Nahuatl words: ''nic-anahuac'', which meant "Anahuac reached this far" or''nican-nahua'', which meant "here are the Nahuas". | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
===Climate=== | |||
Temperature varies the seasons in Nicaragua and it depends on a function of elevation. The ''tierra cliente,'' or "hot land" are areas that have density of sea level to about 750 meters (2,461 ft) of elevation. Daytime temperatures average 30 to 33 °C ''(86 to 91 °F)'', and night temperatures drop to 21 to 24 °C ''(69.8 to 75.2 °F)'' most of the year. The ''tierra templada'', or "temperate land" are the central highlands, where elevations range between 750 and 1,600 meters (2,461 and 5,249 ft). Daytime temperatures are mild (24 to 27 °C ''(75 to 81 °F)'', and nights are cool (15 to 21 °C ''(59 to 70 °F)''). ''Tierra fria'', the "cold land" are areas that have elevations above 1,600 meters (5,249 ft), is found only on and near the highest peaks of the central highlands. Daytime averages in this region are 22 to 24 °C ''(71.6 to 75.2 °F)'', with nighttime lows below 15 °C (59 °F). | |||
===Flora and fauna=== | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
===Ethnic groups=== | |||
===Languages=== | |||
===Religions=== | |||
==Government and politics== | ==Government and politics== | ||
===Executive=== | |||
===Legislative=== | |||
Nicaragua is the only federal state of Central Aerica that have a bicameral legislation. The [[Nicaragua State Assembly]] is the bicameral legislative body of the federal state. The upper house, [[House of Councilors of Nicaragua|House of Councilors]] consists of 18 seats, 3 seats were appointed for every region. The lower house, [[House of Deputies of Nicaragua|House of Deputies]] consists of 35 members, 5 seats were appointed by the governor as representes for statewide at-large while each of the 14 departments of the state including the city of Managua elected 2 seats. Members of the upper house are elected every three years while the members of the lower house are elected every two years. The [[Democratic Alliance of Central America|Democratic Alliance]] and the [[Social Democratic Party of Central America|Social Democratic Party]] have dominated the two legislation, holding the majority of seats with the [[Nationalist Party of Central America|Nationalist Party]] being a constant opposition party. | |||
===Judicial=== | |||
===Administrative divisions=== | |||
Nicaragua is divided into 14 departments and 1 special city and the departments are subdivided into municipalities. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!No | |||
!Name | |||
!Seat | |||
!Region | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|Boaco | |||
|Boaco | |||
|Remates | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|Carazo | |||
|Jinotepe | |||
|Concepción | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|Chontales | |||
|Juigalpa | |||
|Rio San Juan | |||
|- | |||
|4 | |||
|Estelí | |||
|Estelí | |||
|Occidental | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|Granada | |||
|Granada | |||
|Concepción | |||
|- | |||
|6 | |||
|Jinotega | |||
|Jinotega | |||
|Las Segovia | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|León | |||
|León | |||
|Occidental | |||
|- | |||
|8 | |||
|Madriz | |||
|Somoto | |||
|Las Segovia | |||
|- | |||
|9 | |||
|Managua | |||
|Sandino | |||
|Managua | |||
|- | |||
|10 | |||
|Masaya | |||
|Masaya | |||
|Concepción | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|Matagalpa | |||
|Matagalapa | |||
|Remates | |||
|- | |||
|12 | |||
|Nueva Segovia | |||
|Ocotal | |||
|Las Segovia | |||
|- | |||
|13 | |||
|Rivas | |||
|Rivas | |||
|Concepción | |||
|- | |||
|14 | |||
|San Juan | |||
|San Carlos | |||
|Rio San Juan | |||
|- | |||
|15 | |||
|Managua Special City | |||
|N/A | |||
|Managua | |||
|} | |||
===Political parties=== | |||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
Line 74: | Line 179: | ||
==Symbols== | ==Symbols== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Insignia | |||
!Symbol | |||
![https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature Binomial nomenclature] | |||
|- | |||
|Official state bird | |||
|Guardabarranco | |||
|''Eumomota superciliosa'' | |||
|- | |||
|Official state fish | |||
|Moga | |||
|''Hypsophrys nicaraguensis'' | |||
|- | |||
|Official state flower | |||
|Sacuanjoche | |||
|''Plumeria'' | |||
|- | |||
|Official state song | |||
|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salve_a_ti,_Nicaragua Salve a ti, Nicaragua] | |||
|N/A | |||
|- | |||
|Official state tree | |||
|Madroño | |||
|''Calycophyllum candidissimum'' | |||
|} | |||
[[Category: Federation of Central America]] | [[Category: Federation of Central America]] | ||
[[Category: States of Central America]] | [[Category: States of Central America]] | ||
[[Category: Nicaragua]] | [[Category: Nicaragua]] |
Revision as of 13:31, 14 February 2022
Nicaragua | ||
---|---|---|
State | ||
| ||
Nickname(s): TBD | ||
Motto(s): TBD | ||
Anthem: TBD | ||
Capital | Managua | |
Government | ||
• Governor | Geovanni Valverde (AD) | |
• Vice Governor | Daniela Urbina (AD) | |
• Initiativators |
Juanita Bélgica (AD) Felix Jarquin (AD) Cesar Estrada (PSD) Maritza Orozco (PSD) Alfonso Castellon (N) | |
• Delegates | 12 delegates | |
Area | ||
• Land | 56,094 km2 (21,658 sq mi) | |
Population (2020) | ||
• Total | 5,161,273 | |
Legislature | Nicaragua State Assembly | |
Upper house | House of Councilors | |
Lower house | House of Deputies |
Nicaragua, officially the Federal State of Nicaragua (Spanish: Estado Federal de Nicaragua), is a state located in Central America. It is the TBD state in terms of area and the fifth most populous state in the country. The capital and largest city of Nicaragua is Managua. It is bordered by Victoria and Honduras in the north, Zelaya in the east, Pacific Ocean in the west, and Punta and Costa Rica in the south.
It was originally inhabited by many indigenous people since the ancient times and Nicaragua became a part of the Spanish Empire with almost 200 years. It became a part of First Mexican Empire in 1821, a part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1823, and it became an independent republic in 1838. After some several coups, José Santos Zelaya was elected as president in 1893 and he reformed the country at that time and he also acquired Mosquito Coast (now parts of Honduras and Zelaya) from the British Empire. By the support of Sierra, the Nicaragua Canal was completed its construction in 1919 during the presidency of Luis Filipe Estrada. From 1937 until 1979, the Salazar family ruled the Nicaragua and their power was began by Oscar Salazar. The Central American crisis was began in 1979 as the Landonist revolution began in the country. In 1985, the Treaty of Sonsonate was signed to end the war in Central America and Nicaragua became a federal state itself. Jorge Castellon became the interim governor of Nicaragua in 1986 but he lost to Carlos Ian Palacios in the same position in 1987 elections. There are some territorial changes that happened in the state. The eastern part of Nicaragua became a federal state under the name of Zelaya in 1996 after a plebiscite while the department of Chinandega became a part of newly-created state of Victoria in 2002.
Etymology
There are two possible theories on how the name "Nicaragua" originated. The first theory is that the name was coined by the Spanish colonists and it is originated from the name Nicarao, who was the chieftain of a powerful tribe encountered by Gil González Dávila in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was formed from Nicarao and agua (Spanish for "water"). The second theory is that the country's name comes from Nahuatl words: nic-anahuac, which meant "Anahuac reached this far" ornican-nahua, which meant "here are the Nahuas".
History
Geography
Climate
Temperature varies the seasons in Nicaragua and it depends on a function of elevation. The tierra cliente, or "hot land" are areas that have density of sea level to about 750 meters (2,461 ft) of elevation. Daytime temperatures average 30 to 33 °C (86 to 91 °F), and night temperatures drop to 21 to 24 °C (69.8 to 75.2 °F) most of the year. The tierra templada, or "temperate land" are the central highlands, where elevations range between 750 and 1,600 meters (2,461 and 5,249 ft). Daytime temperatures are mild (24 to 27 °C (75 to 81 °F), and nights are cool (15 to 21 °C (59 to 70 °F)). Tierra fria, the "cold land" are areas that have elevations above 1,600 meters (5,249 ft), is found only on and near the highest peaks of the central highlands. Daytime averages in this region are 22 to 24 °C (71.6 to 75.2 °F), with nighttime lows below 15 °C (59 °F).
Flora and fauna
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Languages
Religions
Government and politics
Executive
Legislative
Nicaragua is the only federal state of Central Aerica that have a bicameral legislation. The Nicaragua State Assembly is the bicameral legislative body of the federal state. The upper house, House of Councilors consists of 18 seats, 3 seats were appointed for every region. The lower house, House of Deputies consists of 35 members, 5 seats were appointed by the governor as representes for statewide at-large while each of the 14 departments of the state including the city of Managua elected 2 seats. Members of the upper house are elected every three years while the members of the lower house are elected every two years. The Democratic Alliance and the Social Democratic Party have dominated the two legislation, holding the majority of seats with the Nationalist Party being a constant opposition party.
Judicial
Administrative divisions
Nicaragua is divided into 14 departments and 1 special city and the departments are subdivided into municipalities.
No | Name | Seat | Region |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Boaco | Boaco | Remates |
2 | Carazo | Jinotepe | Concepción |
3 | Chontales | Juigalpa | Rio San Juan |
4 | Estelí | Estelí | Occidental |
5 | Granada | Granada | Concepción |
6 | Jinotega | Jinotega | Las Segovia |
7 | León | León | Occidental |
8 | Madriz | Somoto | Las Segovia |
9 | Managua | Sandino | Managua |
10 | Masaya | Masaya | Concepción |
11 | Matagalpa | Matagalapa | Remates |
12 | Nueva Segovia | Ocotal | Las Segovia |
13 | Rivas | Rivas | Concepción |
14 | San Juan | San Carlos | Rio San Juan |
15 | Managua Special City | N/A | Managua |
Political parties
Culture
Education
Economy
Symbols
Insignia | Symbol | Binomial nomenclature |
---|---|---|
Official state bird | Guardabarranco | Eumomota superciliosa |
Official state fish | Moga | Hypsophrys nicaraguensis |
Official state flower | Sacuanjoche | Plumeria |
Official state song | Salve a ti, Nicaragua | N/A |
Official state tree | Madroño | Calycophyllum candidissimum |