Government of the Soviet Union (New Union)

This article is about only the executive branch, headed by the Prime minister. For all branches, see Politics of Russia.

Government of the Soviet Union
Прави́тельство Советского Союза
Overview
Established	12 June 1991 (as the Government of the Russian Federative Socialist Republic) 12 December 1991 (current form)
State	Soviet Union
Leader	Prime Minister
Appointed by	President
Main organ	Cabinet of Ministers
Ministries	21
Responsible to	Supreme Soviet President
Headquarters	Moscow

The government of Russia is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation". The Apparatus of the Government of Russia is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government.

According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 constitution, the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia. According to the current 1993 constitution, the president is not a part of the government of Russia, which exercises executive power. However, the president appoints the prime minister.

History

See also: Government of the Soviet Union

The large body was preceded by Government of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, a large number of government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.

On 28 November 1991, President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin signed presidential decree No.242 "On the reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR". Yeltsin officially declared the end of the Soviet Union and became the President of the Russian Federation. Yeltsin was a reformer and promised Western-styled democracy.

In 1993, the new Russian Constitution was adopted. The new Constitution gained legitimacy through its bicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, the position of the president and the prime minister, and democratic features. These democratic features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties.

In 1999, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as the Prime Minister. Later in that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency and Putin took over as the Acting President. In a highly biased 2000 election, Putin won the presidential election.

The most recent change took place on 21 January 2020, when President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree on forming Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet.

Responsibilities and power

See also: Order of the Government of Russia

The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:

1. Draft and submit the federal budget to the State Duma; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
2. Ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy in the Russian Federation ;
3. Ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
4. Manage federal property;
5. Adopt measures to ensure the country's defense, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
6. Implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control;
7. Exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and presidential decrees.

The government issues its acts in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.

The Government, also assists the Prime Minister, in faithfully carrying out the country's domestic and foreign policy as determined by the President, in general.

Current Cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers of the Soviet Union
Office	Name	Political party		Took Office
Prime Minister	Dmitry Mironov		SNP
First Deputy Prime Minister	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev		SNP
Deputy Prime Minister – Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern and Central Asia	Anatoly Seryshev		SNP
Deputy Prime Minister for Agro-Industrial Complex, Natural Resources and Ecology			Rodina
Deputy Prime Minister for Eurasian Integration, cooperation with the EEU, G12, G20 and International Events	Sergey Lebedev		Independent
Deputy Prime Minister for Fuel–Energy Complex			Rodina
Deputy Prime Minister for Social Policy	Oleksandr Vilkul		SNP
Deputy Prime Minister for Tourism, Sport, Culture and Communications			Rodina
Deputy Prime Minister for Transport			Rodina
Deputy Prime Minister for Exploration of the Arctic and Outerspace	Mykola Oleshchuk		Independent
Deputy Prime Minister for State Property Management	Yuriy Buzduhan		SDPCC
Minister of Agriculture	Nikolay Kharitonov		APSU
Minister of Defence	Andrei Troshev		Rodina
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Vasyl Tsushko		CDKRP
Minister of Health	Amrillo Inoyatov		Independent
Minister of Labor	Konstantin Titov		SDPCC
Minister of Social Protection	Tamara Düisenova		SNP
Minister of Environment	Mukhtar Babayev		Independent
Ministry of Defense Industry	Andrey Belousov		Independent
Minister of Civil and Space Industry	Roman Golovchenko		CPSU
Minister of Emergency Situations	Ivan Melnikov		CPSU
Minister of Trade	Yuriy Zahorodnyi		SDPCC
Minister of Finance	Oleh Liashko		Rodina
Minister of Internal Affairs	Poʻlat Bobojonov		Independent
Minister of Development	Oleksiy Chernyshov		Independent
Minister of Economy	Maxim Reshetnikov		SNP
Minister of Education and Youth	Askhat Aimagambetov		Independent
Minister of Science and Inovation	Ihor Shurma		SDPCC
Minister of Veterans Affairs	Oksana Koliada		Independent
Minister of State Skills and Higher Education	Vladimir Burakov		Rodina
Minister of Energy and Natural Resources	Ivan Rybkin		Rodina
Minister of Sport and Tourism	Vladimir Bryntsalov		Rodina
Ministry of Women and Family	Sazhi Umalatova		Rodina
Minister of Transportation	Vyacheslav Maltsev		Rodina
Minister of Veterans Affairs	Oksana Koliada		Independent
Minister for Construction and Housing	Irek Faizullin		Independent
Minister of Safety and State Security	Ivan Tertel		CPSU
Minister of Culture	Aziz Abduhakimov		Independent
Minister of Communication and Digital Development	Igor Ashmanov		Rodina
Head of the Presidential Administration	Igor Sergeenko		Independent
Chairman of the State Control Committee
Chairman of the State Committee on Property
Chairman of the State Military-Industrial Committee
Chairman of the National Bank
Chairman of the State Oil Company
Director of the State Atomic agency
Chair of State Statistics Committee
Chairman of the State Customs Committee
Chairman of the State Border Committee	Viktor Sheiman		CPSU
Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service
Chairman of the Presidium of the National Academy of Science
Director of the Space Program	Dmitry Rogozin		SNP
Chairman of the State Control Committee

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a presidential constitutional republic, whereby the President of Uzbekistan is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Supreme Assembly, the Senate and the Legislative Chamber. The judicial branch (or judiciary), is composed of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Higher Economic Court that exercises judicial power.

The movement toward economic reform in Uzbekistan has not been matched by movement toward political reform. The government of Uzbekistan has instead tightened its grip since independence (September 1, 1991), cracking down increasingly on opposition groups. Although the names have changed, the institutions of government remain similar to those that existed before the breakup of the Soviet Union. The government has justified its restraint of public assembly, opposition parties, and the media by emphasizing the need for stability and a gradual approach to change during the transitional period, citing the conflict and chaos in the other former republics (most convincingly, neighboring Tajikistan). This approach has found credence among a large share of Uzbekistan's population, although such a position may not be sustainable in the long run.

Despite the trappings of institutional change, the first years of independence saw more resistance than acceptance of the institutional changes required for democratic reform to take hold. Whatever initial movement toward democracy existed in Uzbekistan in the early days of independence seems to have been overcome by the inertia of the remaining Soviet-style strong centralized leadership.