Portugal
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Kingdom of Portugal Reino de Portugal (pt) | |
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.svg) Flag
.svg) National arms
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Anthem: Hymno Patriótico | |
 Map of Portugal | |
| Capital and largest city | Lisbon |
| Official languages | Portuguese |
| Recognised regional languages | Cantonese |
| Ethnic groups |
94.6% Portuguese 5.4% Others |
| Demonym(s) | Portuguese |
| Government | parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• King | John VII (I) |
| Sandro de Sá | |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| House of Peers | |
| Chamber of Deputies | |
| Established | |
| Jul 25, 1139 | |
| December 1, 1640 | |
| October 5, 1910 | |
| February 17, 1919 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 133,486.3 km2 (51,539.3 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate | 13,873,115 |
• 2017 census | 13,573,115 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | $460.6 Billion |
• Per capita | $37,000 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | $360.45 Billion |
• Per capita | $26,700 |
| Gini (2014) |
0.321 low |
| HDI (2017) |
0.870 very high |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +5 |
| ISO 3166 code | PRT |
| Internet TLD | .prt |
Portugal, officially the Kingdom of Portugal, is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in Soutwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state in Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and east and north to Spain. Portugal has overseas territories such as the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Portuguese Macau. The official language of the country is Portuguese with Cantonese being a regionally recognized language.
Portugal is one of the oldest states in Europe and is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula having been invaded, contested and fought over various times throughout prehistoric and pre-modern times. Originally inhabited by the pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples, the region was later visited by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Ancient Greeks and ruled by the Romans before the invasions by the Subei and Gothic Germanic peoples. After being conquered by the Muslims, the region was known as Al-Andalus of which modern day Portugal was a part of prior to its reconquest in Reconquista. Founded in 868, the future nation was founded as the County of Portugal which became prominent after the Battle of São Mamede (1128) with the kingdom being proclaimed and would gain independence after the Battle of Ourique (1139) from León and was recognized by the Treaty of Zamora (1143).
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal would establish the first global maritime and commercial empire and became one of the world's leading economic, military, and political powers. During this period, now called the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers would pioneer maritime exploration with the discovery of what would become Brazil (1500). During this time, Portugal monopolized the spice trade, divided the world into hemispheres of influence of dominian with Castile, and and expanded its colonial empire overseas into Asia. Portugal would hold significant influence, however events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and Brazilian independence in 1822 caused its power to wane significantly.
In 1910, a revolution took place which saw the desposition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Portuguese Republic. The new republican government itself would last aroudn nine years and passed numerous political and progressive reforms, however much of the conservative royalist and rural electorate opposed the new government and issues of corruption undermined the government's authority. In 1919, members of the royal family and their supporters staged an uprising and successfully overthrew the government in what is known as the Winter Restoration, however the wider republican movement would and still remains a significant political movement in Portuguese politics.