Federal Republican Army

Federal Republican Army
Active	2017

The Federal Republican Army (FRA) is the land-based service branch of the Federal Republican Armed Forces. The FRA has the greatest number of personnel. In 2055 there are about 40,000,000 active-duty soldiers (including 20,000,000 conscripts), and over 30 million trained reservists could be mobilized in wartime. Each of the Member world has its own Territorial Defense forces which are similar to the US national guard and were subordinate to supreme command as an integral part of the defense system in wartime. The territorial defense militia (reserve force) is made up of former conscripts; they are occasionally called up for war exercises. The ground forces are organized into infantry, armor, artillery, and air defense, as well as signal, engineering and chemical defense corps.

Like the Federation Naval Force, and unlike the Federation Air Forces, the Federal Army is restricted to combat operations inside of territorial boundaries at all times. The primary missions of the Army are to patrol the land borders United Federation, provide garrisons for the protection of cities, towns and villages throughout the country, and to serve as a deterrent against external invasion.

Land Force Command, more commonly known as LFC and to foreign powers as the Terran Army is the largest military branch of the Greater Terran Union when compared to Air Command and Fleet Command, with several billion personnel active at any time. Even during peace, its generals and marshals responsible for a far greater percentage of the national defense budget and human lives than the more prestigious Terran Navy. It is the largest formation of armed soldiers in the Galaxy, outstripping the size of every other FTL capable civilization by several degrees. When deployed, the LFC uses a combined arms doctrine in which the enemy's forward defenses are broken by overwhelming force, at which point, fresh, uncommitted mobile operational reserves are sent to exploit the strategic depth of an enemy front.

A major defining feature of the Terran Army is its stubborn refusal to adopt genetic engineering or cybernetic enhancements in their soldiers, instead relying purely on the natural capabilities of the human species and later alien species allowed to enter its ranks. They are responsible for all the victories the GTU has obtained, their ranks are respected and is the occupation many poor people choose after their conscripted service ends, as it gives them a chance to rise in the social ranks and see the galaxy. The Army itself has two primary missions. Capturing planets, and maintaining population control of planets. Considering just how vast any planet is, this has led to a military service of unprecedented scale, both in size and capability.

History  

Land Force Command can trace its earliest existence back to the Tyrum-Invasion of Earth - when it was made up of various loosely tied paramilitary organizations called the Joint-Defense-Committee. It was when the Battle of Titan was over, that Land Force Command was officially formed by the provisional government at the time (Although it had no real power as former nations retained their armed forces. LFC was simply a symbolic entity). Once Humanity was able to reach the stars - Land Force Command was fully funded and was given the authority to maintain and control a fully fledged army to represent Humanity.

The traditions and structure of the Army would be drawn from those of "The Big 6", which represented the Armies of the 6 major global powers to maintain combat cohesion for the duration of the war, even, as in the case of the United States of America and India, with their official government’s total collapse. They were India, Brazil, The North American Commonwealth, the Russian Federation, Indonesian Republic and the United Kingdom. The Armies of China, Japan, Korea, Australia and the European Federation were largely destroyed along with much of their respective populations in the opening months of the war. In the Case of the USA, Canada and Russia, they were largely saved by heroic actions attributed to two respective units that maintain division formations in the GTU to this day. The Canadian 2nd Armored, that decisively defeated a Tyrum Swarm at the Battle of Boise, preventing the capture of the provisional North American Headquarters in Edmonton (as well as the grateful American population of Boise itself); And the Russian "Tomoskya Division" which halted the Tyrum advance at the Battle of the Dnieper.

The modern Terran Army is considered to have formed during the Wessari Annexation, which marked the first orbital drop under combat conditions by Terran Soldiers. To this day, an orbital drop remains the capstone of Terran Army training. A common misconception is that the Terran Navy’s "Space Marines" are the landing forces on planets by the Terran military. The Naval Infantry attached to Fleet Command does not in fact conduct orbital invasions of other planets, but is instead used for intership boarding actions, counter boarding, and base security.

The seizure of the Wessari homeworld, as well as ever increasing colonial expansion led to the realization within the National Council that capturing territory would not be enough, holding territory would also be required, as well as determining just where the administrative boundaries between the Army and the Navy actually lay. Prior to the outbreak of the First Terran-Compact war, Fleet Command made a strong push in the National Assembly to take control of all space mobile soldiers, arguing that orbital operations and invasions should naturally fall under its own purview, and that the Army should function more as a Garrison force to hold the ground after the Navy had moved on to its next target. The lobbying effort succeeded in getting the Assembly to approve such a structure, but the National Council rejected the proposal, fearing that this would give the Navy far too much power and present a potential risk for insurrection. It would be bad enough that a rogue admiral could bombard a planet, it would be worse if he had troops that could capture it outright. Instead the National Council went with a solomons solution. The Army would handle both ground garrison duties and orbital invasions, but Fleet Command could keep its Naval Infantry for its own uses, and be responsible for the construction and design of the troop transports. The crews of the transports however, would be drawn entirely from the Army.

Today the duties of a Terran Soldier can by myriad, and anything from being assigned to a defensive division on a colony world and functioning largely like a well armed police officer, to being dropped from Orbit by Fleet Command onto some Xenos infested hell world that lacked an atmosphere even breathable by humans.

Organization

The Federal Republican Army is divided into tactical units tasked with defending a certain area of the country.

Command structure of regular forces

• Grand Army—10 systems armies (3,000,000 troopers) led by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine. The number 3,000,000 was Sifo-Dyas' initial order, as the number of total clones increased during the war.
• Systems Army—2 Sector Armies (294,912 troopers) led by a High Jedi General (Jedi High Council Member).
• Sector Army—4 corps (147,456 troopers) led by a Senior Jedi General (Jedi Master).
• Corps/Division—4 legions (36,864 troopers) led by a Marshal Commander and a Jedi General (Jedi Knight or Master).
• Legion/Brigade—4 regiments (9,216 troopers) led by a Senior Commander and a Jedi General (Jedi Knight).
• Regiment—4 battalions (2,304 troopers) led by a Regimental Commander and a Jedi Commander (Jedi Padawan).
• Battalion—4 companies (576 troopers) led by a Battalion Commander and a Major.
• Company—4 platoons (144 troopers) led by a Captain and a Lieutenant.
• Platoon—4 squads (36 troopers) led by a Second Lieutenant and Sergeant-Major.
• Squad—9 troopers led by a Sergeant and Corporal.

The rate of casualties greatly reduced the Grand Army's numbers throughout the Clone Wars. Prior to the Battle of Coruscant, many of the original Kamino clone troopers were dead or unable to continue fighting. However, the Republic military enhancement bill—passed by a majority vote in the Galactic Senate midway through the war—authorized the funding of five million additional clone troopers. During the waning days of the Clone Wars, millions of Spaarti-grown clones were deployed to supplement their Kaminoan-created counterparts in the fight against the still numerically superior Separatist Army.

Command structure of special forces

• Special Operations Brigade (SO BDE)—20 groups (10,000 troopers), commanded by Jedi General Arligan Zey, made up of 10 Commando Groups by one year after the Battle of Geonosis.
• Commando Group—5 companies (500 troopers), the equivalent of a regular army battalion.
• Company—5 troops (100 troopers) led by a commander.
• Troop—5 squads (20 troopers).
• Squad—4 troopers led by a sergeant.

Unit Structure (Excluding Officers)

• Grand Army of the Republic—Ten Systems Armies and extra troopers (3,300,000 troopers) led by Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine.
• Systems Army—Two Sector Armies (294,912 troopers) led by a High Jedi General.
• Sector Army—Four corps (147,456 troopers) led by only the most high-ranking individuals, such as the members of the Jedi High Council.
• Corps—Four legions (36,864 troopers) led by a Jedi General and a Clone Marshal Commander.
• Legion—Four regiments (9,216 troopers) led by a Jedi General or a Clone Commander.
• Regiment—Four battalions (2,304 troopers) led by a Jedi Commander or a Clone Commander.
• Battalion—Four companies (576 troopers) led by a Jedi General or a Clone Commander.
• Company—Four platoons (144 troopers) led by a Clone Captain.
• Platoon—Four squads (36 troopers) led by a Clone Lieutenant.
• Squad—Nine troopers led by a Clone Sergeant.
• Brigade—An unspecified number of troopers led by a Jedi commanding officer. Two full brigades would be made up of multiple battalions. In one instance, a brigade was capable of penetrating a world's orbital defenses, then taking control of an entire planet while suffering and inflicting minimal casualties.

There are two sizes of FRA divisions: 10,000 men and 7,500 men. A FRA brigade is a combined arms unit with infantry, armored, and artillery units, combat support units and logistical support units. It is a regionally independent and permanent entity. Though its function is similar to a division in that it possesses the capability to engage in operations on one front, it is smaller with only 5,000 personnel

Training, Organization and Structure

Prior to the Terran-Compact war terms of service ran for around 4 years and followed the 20th century model. Unlike those pre-Tyrum armies however, it was soon discovered that the vast distances involved, combined with the need for more comprehensive (and longer) training made it impossible to honor such a limited time commitment. One division of troops that had been raised in the Outer Rim spent almost a year and half traveling to the front lines, another 6 months in orbit and then forced into another 4 years of peacekeeping duties before spending another year and a half going home. The loss of morale caused by extending the accepted term over 3 times what was initially agreed on came to be viewed as counter-productive. Because of this the Terran Army moved away from functioning under principles of individual personnel assignment or short term volunteer contracts, adopting instead a structure and training regime more akin to that of the Roman Empire. This was a necessity as the GTU found itself having to control territory over vast distances using massive numbers of soldiers, and ended up facing dilemmas very similar to those of Rome. Pre-Tyrum military structure was not just unfeasible, it was quite literally impossible as the vast distances involved made moving around units smaller then divisions a logistical and bureaucratic nightmare. As such, a term of enlistment in the Army lasts for 12 years, with the first two years served for basic training, either as an officer or enlisted. All recruits enlist as basic entrants to the service and are then directed onto an officer or enlisted track following evaluation of their skills. The initial 2 years are spent ruthlessly weeding out those incapable of being Terran Soldiers, while simultaneously exposing the recruits to a myriad of different combat conditions from close quarters combat on space stations, arctic, jungle, urban and desert warfare, combat in entirely toxic atmospheres, and the training regimes capstone exercise, a full combat drop from orbit. Fatalities are expected and frequently occur during this training period, with as much as 10% of the class dying or being injured beyond repair (either physically or psychologically). A recruit may at any time be permitted to leave training during their first 2 years, as the service has no desire for those who themselves think they are incapable, though "washouts" carry with them severe social stigma, the inability to achieve high citizenship tiers and also being barred from reentry. During times of national emergency, a Draft may also be instituted and citizens forced into the training program. Even then however standards are not relaxed and a recruit may still opt to abandon the program, though in this case they will be relegated to forced labor positions to support the war effort and markedly lower tiers of citizenship.

Those recruits who make it through training will graduate as a unit at the Company level (approximately 1,000 soldiers) Each of the Companies in turn will be combined to form a Battalion (10,000 soldiers), which in turn form Brigades (100,000 soldiers) and finally a full Division, made up of 10 Brigades for around 1 million soldiers. Each Company of the Terran Army is specialized, so there may be an entire company of armored soldiers, another light infantry, another of Atmospheric Aircraft pilots and so on. The companies are then organized into various battalions to serve that battalion’s overall purpose (be it support, armored, artillery, atmospheric etc) and then slotted into Brigades. While a Brigade is nominally intended to be able to deploy on its own initiative and fight under any condition, it is the Division that is the principle unit organization of the Terran Army, and Fleet Command designs its massive troop transports with this in mind.

The Divisions are formed brand new from the massive pool of recruits who graduate, with most recruits rising in authority based on ability. The Division will then spend anywhere from 2 to 5 years training as a cohesive unit before it is approved for combat operations. It’s rare, but not unheard of for a division to never be approved for combat at all, though in the few instances where this happens results in the general and his staff being thrown in prison for squandering resources, and punishments of varying severity for the entire division ranging from prison to tier reduction, for even the lowliest of privates. During times of war companies that sustain too many casualties are disbanded and slotted into replacement companies drawn from a graduating recruit class, something considered non ideal but necessary to keep the division combat ready during war. The most skilled of the new recruits will be either Company commanders at the Captain rank or the company’s Squad NCO, a Staff Sergeant. Higher ranking soldiers, Major for the officers and Platoon/Company Senior NCO's Sergeant First Class and above, are granted to soldiers who sign another 10 year term of service at the end of their previous term of enlistment. In the case of the NCO's this is done to ensure the newly minted Captains and Lieutenants have a steadying experienced hand to teach things that cannot be taught in training. Promotion for officers during their first 10 years is rare and only comes upon their approval of a second term, which can be denied if the service decides it has no use for such soldiers in higher ranks. The 10 year term is by no means a solid one, as all soldiers ultimately serve at the needs of the Union, and in time of war a term of enlistment can be extended, especially if a unit needs to be transported from one end of the Union to the other. Without Jump Drives or Gateways, such a journey can take over a year. As such ground command frequently refuses to count time spent in Stasis pods as counting towards a term of service, and during longer wars some soldiers have seen their terms extended for an additional decade or even longer.

Promotion is based on need and ability with far more turnover in the enlisted ranks than the officers. The Ranks of Staff Sergeant, Sergeant and Corporal often frequently being given and lost based on need or happenstance. The Army also has the special rank of Warrant Officer. Warrant Officers are members of the Army who are given broad authority within the service but are not considered part of the regular combat formations and may not have even gone through basic recruit training. A Warrant officer may, for example, be the captain of a massive divisional troop transport, a scientist in an Army run research lab, or an intelligence operative attached to the Army. All ranks are ultimately granted at the needs of the Army and there is no solid rules governing promotion, with commanders given broad authority to pick the ranks of their subordinates, with the caveat that should their picks fail to handle the responsibility the failure will fall in equal measure both on the officer who failed, and the officer who confirmed them for that position.

The Divisions themselves are often frequently organized into Army groups that can range in size from 3 divisions to, in the case of the invasion of the Xani homeworld of The Core during the War in Heaven, 900 divisions. The size of an Army Group itself is based solely on the needs of the moment and not any set standard. Regardless of size however they are all commanded by a 4 star general, with General Ranks below that being given to a division commander as a reflection of that particular commander’s ability. The Terran Army has no sub organization between Division and Army group such as Corps or Regiments. Such ad hoc formations are created on the fly as combat dictates, where multiple divisions within an Army group are required to coordinate with each other, in which case the senior ranking division commander would command the overall operation.

At the end of a Division’s 10 years of service the unit flags and standards are retired and presented to a new graduating class of recruits to carry on the legacy should Land Force Command determine a unit’s legacy is worth continuing. It again rare for such dishonor be given to a unit, but over the centuries many divisions have been permanently retired, their failures deemed too great to overlook and thus be foisted onto a new graduating class. Those soldiers in the retiring division deemed suitable for higher rank are permitted to serve another term of service, this time as the divisions senior cadre of officers and NCO's, thus allowing a continuity of tradition between the soldiers of the prior term and the new. It is very rare for any soldier to be permitted a third term of enlistment, and was usually a privilege granted to those at the General Officer rank, or its equivalent NCO Rank of Sergeant Major.

Germany used a system of military districts (German: Wehrkreis) in order to relieve field commanders of as much administrative work as possible and to provide a regular flow of trained recruits and supplies to the field forces. The method the OKW adopted was to separate the Field Army (OKH) from the Home Command (Heimatkriegsgebiet) and to entrust the responsibilities of training, conscription, supply, and equipment to Home Command.

Organisation of field forces

[edit] The German Army was mainly structured in army groups (Heeresgruppen) consisting of several armies that were relocated, restructured, or renamed in the course of the war. Forces of allied states, as well as units made up of non-Germans, were also assigned to German units.

For Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the army forces were assigned to three strategic campaign groupings:

• Army Group North with Leningrad as its campaign objective
• Army Group Centre with Smolensk as its campaign objective
• Army Group South with Kiev as its campaign objective

Below the army group level forces included field armies – panzer groups, which later became army level formations themselves, corps, and divisions. The army used the German term Kampfgruppe, which equates to battle group in English. These provisional combat groupings ranged from corps size, such as Army Detachment Kempf, to commands composed of companies or even platoons. They were named for their commanding officers.

Select arms of service

[edit]

• Afrika Korps (Africa Corps)
• Feldgendarmerie (Field Military Police)
• Feldjägerkorps (Field Police Corps)
• Gebirgsjäger (Mountain Troops)
• Geheime Feldpolizei (Secret Field Police)
• Ostlegionen (Eastern Legions)
• Panzergrenadier (Mechanized Infantry)
• Panzerjäger (Anti-Tank Troops)
• Panzerwaffe (Armoured Forces)
• Nachrichtentruppe (Signal Corps)
• Sicherungs-Divisionen (Security Divisions)

Equipment

Terran combat equipment has changed over the centuries to reflect new technology, but remains largely the same throughout its history in form and function, if not necessarily the same configuration. All soldiers are issued a Hand Held rifle, Combat Armor, and a Blade for close quarters melee. Early in its history the equipment would not have seemed out of place in a movie on 20th century combat, with the rifle being little different from the M and AK Variants used by the United States and Russia that fired projectile bullets. Even by the 27th century the Terran Army had not abandoned kinetic rifles for energy based ones, though the SI-2513 assault rifle which entered service during Operation Starhammer was not some crude chemical projectile weapon but rather a hand held Gauss gun that fired microscopic slugs at relativistic speeds. The small size of the projectile allowed for a single cartridge to be fired over 50,000 times before needing a reload, and had variable power intensity where the soldier could select the speed at which it was fired based on circumstances, be it to rip into defenseless flesh or punch through a wall of ceramacrete. The Combat Armor and Blade likewise saw improvement, going from crude carbon nano-fiber weave to powered nanite supported plasteel capable of increasing the strength of the user and self repair both of the armor itself and the soldier within it. The most modern variants even allowed for unsupported orbital reentry of the soldier in question.

The Blade, which started out as a variant of the K-Bar to its modern configuration of a short sword with a mono-filament edge which is again supported by Nanites to keep it perpetually repaired and sharp. It came as a surprise even to Terran Combat planners for the ancient sword as a weapon to make a comeback, but it was rapidly discovered through accident and practice that firing off weapons, even less powerful energy based ones within the confines of orbital habitats and space stations led to "very bad things" happening, like sudden atmospheric depressurization. As such hand held melee weapons made a surprising comeback, and when combined with powered combat armor that improved the strength and speed of the wielder became just as deadly as the rifle in certain situations. Some of the more fanciful weapons designers have even experimented with energy shields resembling medieval era kite shields.

Beyond that the Army maintains a host of atmospheric aircraft from fighter aircraft, rotary blade helicopters, landing craft, tanks, mobile artillery, and trucks. Many of which, while highly sophisticated in their armor, weapons, propulsion and onboard targeting systems are largely indistinguishable from their 21st century counterparts. This is largely due to the concept of "not reinventing the wheel". Things like inflated tires, tank treads and overall design have a largely eternal appeal in both functionality and use, and the introduction of things like anti-grav plates that cause the tank to float was viewed as largely unnecessary and created another failure point on the vehicle, as well as massively increasing its price of production and complexity of repair.