Monarchy of France: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
==Succession== | ==Succession== | ||
==List of French monarchs | ==List of French monarchs of the Orléans Restoration== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:64%;" | Notes | ! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:64%;" | Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Jean d'Orléans (1874-1940).jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of | | [[File:Jean d'Orléans (1874-1940).jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State"}} || <center>[[Jean III of France|Jean III]]</center> || {{nowrap|13 November 1938}} – 25 August 1940 || The first King of the modern French monarchy, he oversaw the Orléans restoration with the help of different French political forces and the support of both the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Germany]], when the Third Republic had collapsed under the pressures of the first Great War and the later fall of the German-backed collaborationist government left no real political authority in France. He died only about 2 years into his reign. He also supported the [[Sovereign Patriarchate of Avignon]] during the [[Second Western Schism]] in the Catholic Church. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:King Henry VI of France.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of | | [[File:King Henry VI of France.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State"}} || <center>[[Henry VI of France|Henry VI]]</center> || {{nowrap|25 August 1940}} – 19 June 1999 || The longest reigning modern French king. He led France during the rise of the [[derzhavism|derzhavist]] [[French Popular Party]] and was increasingly at odds with them, being isolated from affairs of state as they took control of the government. After the war he was seen by the [[Allied powers]] occupational authorities as essential in restoring the French nation under a legitimate, constitutional, and non-derzhavist government, as he was seen as the most popular figure left in France and had opposed the derzhavist takeover. The second half of his reign coincided with the [[Cold War]] and France reconciling with Germany to become one of the leading nations of the [[European Community]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Henri d'Orléans (1933-).jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of | | [[File:Henri d'Orléans (1933-).jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State"}} || <center>[[Henry VII of France|Henry VII]]</center> || 19 June 1999 – {{nowrap|21 January 2019}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Jean d'Orléans.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of | | [[File:Jean d'Orléans.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31).svg|100px]] || {{nowrap|'''King of the French'''}}<br>{{small|"by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State"}} || <center>[[Jean IV of France|Jean IV]]</center> || {{nowrap|21 January 2019}} – present || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 20:12, 5 June 2021
| King of the French | |
|---|---|
| Roi des Français (fr) | |
.svg) | |
| Incumbent | |
 | |
|
Jean IV since January 21, 2019 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir presumptive | Prince Louis Philippe, Prince Royal of France |
| First monarch | Louis Philippe I |
| Formation | 509 |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
The monarchy of France is the constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of France. The monarch is the head of state and has a significant political role in the Government of France, being the head of the executive branch as well as the ceremonial representative of the French state. The title of the French monarch currently is King of the French (French: Roi des Français), which replaced the more traditional title King of France used during the Ancien Regime to emphasize the popular origins of the monarchy. The royal family of the Kingdom of France is the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the former ruling House of Bourbon from before the French Revolution, and the current king since 2019 has been King Jean IV.
The House of Orléans is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, itself a branch of the Capetian dynasty, and Jean IV can trace his patrilineal ancestors to Hugh Capet, who was King of the Franks from 987 to 996 and himself was descended from Charlemagne. Hugh Capet is seen as the founder of modern France, he made Paris the power-center of his Kingdom and extended his control over the rest of what would be France from there. The direct Capetians, or House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328, thereafter the country would be ruled by cadet branches of this dynasty, all French kings through Jean IV have been descendants of Capet. The absolute monarchy of the House of Bourbon was overthrown in French Revolution of 1789–92. The House of Orléans was known as being more liberal than senior Bourbon branch, and first became kings of France following the 1830 July Revolution leading to the coronation of Louis Philippe I as the King of the French – abandoning the traditional title King of France that was used from 1190 until 1792. His regime was overthrown during the French Revolution of 1848. The Orléans family were the main pretenders to the French throne, and in 1938 following the losses suffered by France during the First Great War they were chosen in the monarchical restoration that replaced the defeated French Third Republic.
The current restoration of the Kingdom of France since 1938 has seen the reign of four monarchs. Jean III became the second French king from the House of Orléans in 1938, in the post-war formation of a new French state, but he died after about two years on the throne. His successor Henry VI of France became the longest reigning monarch of the restoration, ruling for nearly six decades until his death in 1999. King Henry's reign saw the rise of derzhavism in France, the second Great War, the formation of a new government by the Allied powers, France's reconciliation with Germany and emerging as one of the leading nations of the new European Community during the Cold War. He was succeeded by Henry VII who led France in the early 21st century, until 2019.
The French constitution, officially the Charter of 1938, defined the legal status and role of the French monarchy. France has been a constitutional monarchy since the document's adoption by the legislature, with the current constitution based on the Charter of 1830, which was the legal code of the July Monarchy of King Louis Philippe from 1830 to 1848. The King of the French is the ceremonial head of the executive branch and the Supreme Commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces, and has a political role in government, working with the Prime Minister of France and making appointments to different offices on recommendation from the Prime Minister as well as the Parliament. The title of the monarch is supposed to signify his government's popular legitimacy, and both the monarchy and the rest of the executive are responsible to the French Parliament.
Powers and responsibilities
Titles and styles
Succession
List of French monarchs of the Orléans Restoration
| Image | Coat of arms | Title | Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
|
King of the French "by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State" |
13 November 1938 – 25 August 1940 | The first King of the modern French monarchy, he oversaw the Orléans restoration with the help of different French political forces and the support of both the United Kingdom and Germany, when the Third Republic had collapsed under the pressures of the first Great War and the later fall of the German-backed collaborationist government left no real political authority in France. He died only about 2 years into his reign. He also supported the Sovereign Patriarchate of Avignon during the Second Western Schism in the Catholic Church. | |
 |
|
King of the French "by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State" |
25 August 1940 – 19 June 1999 | The longest reigning modern French king. He led France during the rise of the derzhavist French Popular Party and was increasingly at odds with them, being isolated from affairs of state as they took control of the government. After the war he was seen by the Allied powers occupational authorities as essential in restoring the French nation under a legitimate, constitutional, and non-derzhavist government, as he was seen as the most popular figure left in France and had opposed the derzhavist takeover. The second half of his reign coincided with the Cold War and France reconciling with Germany to become one of the leading nations of the European Community. | |
| File:Henri d'Orléans (1933-).jpg | |
King of the French "by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State" |
19 June 1999 – 21 January 2019 | ||
|
|
King of the French "by the Grace of God and by the constitutional law of the State" |
21 January 2019 – present |
.jpg){kind=link}