Communist Party of Manchuria

  

Communist Party of Manchuria ㄍㄛㄋㄍㄔㄚㄉㄤ ㄇㄚㄋㄓㄡ Gòngchǎndǎng Mǎnzhōu
First Secretary	Li Qingquan (first) Yuan Xiang (last)
Slogan	ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄨˊ ㄏㄢˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄞˊ！ Workers of the world unite!
Founded	31st September 1933
Dissolved	12th March 1991
Split from	Communist Party of China
Succeeded by	Socialist Party of Manchuria Manchu Communist Party
Headquarters	Harbin
Newspaper	Red Star
Youth wing	Young Communist League
Paramilitary wing	People's Defence Force (1933-89)
Ideology	Marxism-Leninism National Communism
Political position	Left wing
International affiliation	Comintern (1937 - 1943)
Official colours	Red
Anthem	The Internationale
Party flag

The Communist Party of Manchuria (Chinese: ㄍㄛㄋㄍㄔㄚㄉㄤ ㄇㄚㄋㄓㄡ; Gòngchǎndǎng Mǎnzhōu) was a communist political party in Manchuria that existed between 1933 to 1991. Between 1946-1990 they ruled Manchuria as a single-party socialist state.

The CPM were formed in 1933 after spitting from the Communist Party of China by Li Qingquan following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the establishment of Manchukuo. It led a small insurgent movement against the Japanese occupation during the 1930's. In 1937 it was taken over by Xu Xiaobao who started to pursue an orthodox Bolshevik line, where its insurgency intensified.

In 1944 the CPM alongside the MRNC led by Zhao Guangping spearheaded the Manchu Revolution creating the Second Manchu Republic. The republic was beset by infighting between the MRNC and the CPM, whilst in 1945 a secret agreement was made between the CPM and the Soviet Union to create a communist state in Manchuria. Following the Soviet invasion of Manchuria the Manchu People's Republic was formed, a single-party state led by the CPM with Jin at its head. In 1954 following the First Manchu-Korean War the party was taken over by Qian Yiu-tong who created the Black River Protocol, which led the party into factionalism. In 1980 General Secretary Tao Shiyou attempted to have the party adopt New Communism before being ousted in 1986. However in 1989 the Orchid Revolution led to the CPM announcing multi-party elections which were won by the opposition group the Popular Front for Democracy and Revolution with the People's Republic being dissolved in 1990. In 1991 the party's politburo voted to change the party's name to the Socialist Party of Manchuria and officially repudiated Marxism-Leninism, with the Socialist Party being their legal and idealogical successor.

The party during its existence followed democratic centralism and was led by a First Secretary who oversaw the party's politburo, central committee and secretariat.

List of leaders

• Li Qingquan (1933 - 1937)
• Xu Xiaobao (1937 - 1954)
• Qian Yiu-tong (1954 - 1981)
• Tao Shiyou (1981 - 1986)
• Huang Jiongming (1986 - 1989)
• Yuan Xiang (1989 - 1991)

Election results

Constituent Assembly

Election year	# of overall seats won	±
1946	400 / 685	400
1990	50 / 195	N/A

Legislative elections

Election year	# of overall seats won	±
1951	425 / 685	25
1956	426 / 685	1
1961	428 / 685	2
1966	433 / 685	5
1971	435 / 685	2
1976	437 / 685	2
1981	440 / 685	3
1986	442 / 685	2
1990	144 / 685	298