Egypt (A Cross in Cairo)
Messianic Kingdom of Egypt Ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲭⲟⲥ Ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟ Ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (Egyptian) Μεσσιανικό βασίλειο Αίγυπτος (Greek) المملكة المسيانية المصرية (Arabic) | |
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Coat of arms
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Royal anthem: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϩⲓ Ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ (English: "Egypt, Our Blessed Land") | |
 Location of Egypt in green | |
| Capital | Cairo |
| Largest city | Alexandria |
| Official languages | Egyptian ꞏ Arabic ꞏ Greek |
| Recognised national languages | French ꞏ English ꞏ Nubian |
| Ethnic groups (2023) |
73.7% Copt 12.9% Greek 5.3% Arab 5.3% Nubian 2.8% Others |
| Religion (2023) |
86.3% Christianity 11.5% Islam 2.2% Other religion |
| Demonym(s) | Egyptian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Isidoros II |
• Premier | Fatimah Ibrahim |
• Chancellor | Shenouda Fayek |
| Legislature | Royal Diet |
| Senate | |
| Ecclesia | |
| Formation | |
• Unification | 3150 BC |
• Imperial Period | 451 - 469 |
• Arab conquest | 639 - 642 |
• Sultanate | 1171 - 1194 |
• Coptic reconquest | 6 March 1201 |
• Republic | 10 August 1815 |
• Independence from the United Kingdom | 13 April 1882 |
• Two Kings Period | 1895 - 1915 |
• Current constitution | 6 March 1937 |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,020,024 km2 (393,833 sq mi) (30th) |
• Water (%) | 0.755 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 126,250,000 |
• 2023 census | 125,937,281 |
• Density | 123.5/km2 (319.9/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $3.446 trillion (11th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $1.56 trillion (15th) |
| Gini (2022) |
35.5 medium |
| HDI (2024) |
 0.946very high · 9th |
| Currency | Egyptian dinar (Ð) (EYD) |
| Time zone | UTC+2:00 (EGST) |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .eg |
Egypt (Egyptian: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi), officially the Messianic Kingdom of Egypt (Ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲭⲟⲥ Ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟ Ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Pimastikhos Mentero Neremenkhēmi) is a transcontinental sovereign state primarily located in northeastern Africa, with territories in southwestern Asia and the Mediterranean Sea. The country shares land borders with Libya to the west, Israel to the northeast, and Sudan to the south. The mainland shares maritime borders with Arabia to the east, and maritime borders with the Levantine Republic, Israel, and Turkey via Cyprus. The mainland territories are bound by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east, while the island of Cyprus is located entirely within the Mediterranean Sea. Cairo is the capital and second largest city in the country, with the coastal city of Alexandria being the largest city. Egypt is the most populous country in the Mediterranean, the 12th most populous in the world, and the third most populous in Africa, with a population of just over 125 million as of the 2023 census.
Egypt is one of oldest continuous civilizations in the world.