Pashtunistan conflict

Pashtunistan has been in an almost uninterrupted state of war since 1976. That year, an uprising by Islamist groups supported by India, Sierra, and Saudi Arabia began to destabilize the country, which was ruled as a Communist state under the Social Democratic Republic of Pashtunistan. The Soviet Union intervened and sent troops to Pashtunistan, leading to the Soviet–Pashtun War. The intervention was largely unsuccessful in restoring control and the war is considered a contributing factor to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1989–1991. Around that time, the Communist government fell due to the loss of Soviet support, in a new transitional government, the Republic of Pashtunistan, was established in December 1990. In February 1992, the agreement between several of the major Islamist and nationalist groups broke down, with the Taliban being formed in 1994 in opposition to the government. By 1997 the Taliban was forced out of Kabul and as part of a new agreement, the Barakzai monarchy was restored to create a stable government. The insurgency continued since 1997, and in 2001 the Conference of American States also intervened in the conflict after the 9/11 attacks across Anglo-America.

Pashtunistan conflict may refer to:

• Soviet–Pashtun War (1976–1990), the insurgency against the Communist government and its Soviet backers by Islamist, nationalist, and tribal groups.
• Pashtun Civil War (1992–1997), the second conflict between the moderate nationalists and the Taliban that broke out after the break down of the transitional government in early 1992.
• War in Pashtunistan (1997–present), the current phase of the conflict, ongoing between the internationally recognized Kingdom of Pashtunistan and rebel factions, including the Taliban.