Political Parties of The Soviet Union (New Union)

 

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Atlas

An effectively multi-party system emerged in Soviet Union in the late 1980s in wake of the Gorbachev reforms. In March 1990, Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution, which ensured the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) a monopoly on power, was amended to allow other political parties to hold public office. This gave room to the rise of other political parties To date the Soviet Union has a de jure multi-party system, as of 2020 twelve parties have members in the federal parliament, the Suprme Soviet, with four dominant party’s (United Soviets), (Soviet Workers Party),(LDPR),Communist Party of The Soviet Union).

History

Gorbachev announcing the legalization of the political parties and the repeal of article 6 of the Soviet constitution.

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s the Soviet Union had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the Supreme represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Alexander Rutskoy‘s presidency (2000–2004), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in The Soviet Union.

Current parties

All parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections all over the country. The list is placed on the Justice Ministry website. In December 2020, there were 48 registered parties in the Soviet Union; 12 of them are currently represented in the Supreme Soviet as of 2021.

Social composition of voters

In a study conducted by the Moscow research bureau in 2018, it was determined that 63.4% of the Soviet voter base was urban, while 36.4% of voter base was rural. Voters living in rural regions, as well as voters who engage in agriculture, predominantly vote for the Agrarian party of the Soviet Union in local elections. The two most dominant parties in federal elections are the United Soviets Party, and the workers party of the Soviet Union. Both parties have a strong Urban voter base however enjoy strong rural support. The Communist Party of The Soviet Union, the former ruling party, still enjoys some support, primarily among older voters and voters in central Asia and the Caucasus’s.

List Political Parties

All Union Political Parties

Party				Est.	Leader	Ideology	Soviet of The Union	Soviet of Republics	Regional Councils	Political position	Alliances
Major Poltical Parties
		SDPCC	Social Democratic Party of the Soviet Union	1995	Alexander Lebedev	Social democracy Democratic socialism Social liberalism People’s capitalism	69 / 550		467 / 5,111	Centre-left
		CPSU	Communist Party of the Soviet Union	1912	Gennady Zyuganov	Communism Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Social conservatism	67 / 550		1,274 / 5,111	Left-wing to far-left	BCS
		DC	Democratic Union	1990	Boris Nemtsov	Liberal conservatism Capitalism Economic liberalism liberalism Anti-communism	61 / 550		181 / 5,111	Centre to centre-right	SPPS
		SNP	Soviet People’s Party	1994	Vladimir Vasilyev	Conservatism National conservatism Soviet nationalism Fiscal conservatism	51 / 550		233 / 5,111	Right-wing	OFN
		SDPP "Liberals"	Soviet Democratic People’s Party "Liberals"	1999	Garry Kasparov	Liberal conservatism liberalism Economic liberalism	55 / 550		160 / 5,111	Centre to Centre-left	SPPS
		SEP "Greens"	Soviet Ecological Party "Greens"	1996	Oleg Mitvol	Ecological Preservation Social Democracy Social progressivism Green politics	50 / 550		280 / 5,111	Centre to Left	SPPS
		"Rodina"	Rodina	1994	Nikolai Starikov	Social democracy Patriotism Social conservatism Soviet Nationalism	43 / 550		712 / 5,111	Syncretic
		LDPSU	Liberal Democratic Party of The Soviet Union	1989	Leonid Slutsky	Soviet ultranationalism Economic interventionism Social conservatism Right-wing populism	41 / 550		297 / 5,111	Right-wing to far-right
		APSU	Agrarian Party of The Union Soviet	1993	Vasiliy Stepanov	Agrarian Socialism Social liberalism Collectivism Green politics	25 / 550		1,105 / 5,111	Centre to Left	BCS
		CDKRP	Soviet Democratic Communist Workers Party	1996	Viktor Tyulkin	Democratic Socialism Marxism Social liberalism	18 / 550		187 / 5,111	Left-wing to far-left	Left Alliance
		ARN	Alliance of regionalists and independents	1996	Viktor Yushchenko	Regionalism Liberalism	42 / 550		187 / 5,111	Centre to centre-right

All Union Political Parties represented in regional parliaments

Party				Est.	Leader	Ideology	Regional Councils	Political position	Alliances
		Soyuz	Union of Communists	1992	Maxim Suraykin	Communism Neo Stalinism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism	98 / 5,111	Far-left
		PPCC	Party of Patriots of the Soviet Union	2005	Sergey Mironov	Social democracy Democratic socialism Social conservatism Eurasianism	26 / 5,111	Left-wing	OFN

Regional Political Parties

Party				Est.	Leader	Ideology	Regional Councils	Political position	Alliances
		DPR	Democratic Party of Russia	1990	Nikolay Travkin	Conservatism Liberalism Populism	46 / 450	Centre-right	SPPS
		VDP	Vainakh Democratic Party	1990	Dzhokhar Dudayev	Chechen nationalism Conservatism Anti-communism	46 / 61	Big-tent	ARN
		HDT	Democratic Party of Tajikistan	1990	Saidjafar Usmonzoda	Liberal conservatism Social conservatism Tajik nationalism	54 / 163	Centre-right	ARN
		TDP	Democratic Party of Turkmenistan	1989 1991	Nurmuhammet Hanamow	Conservatism Turkmen Nationalism Regionalism	65 / 125	Centre-right	ARN
		Birlik	Uzbek Unity Party	1988	Abdurakhim Pulat	Conservative liberalism National liberalism	58 / 150	Centre-right	ARN
		APFP	Azerbaijani Popular Front Party	1988	Ismat Abasov	Conservatism Azerbaijani nationalism	65 / 125	Centre-right	ARN
		BNF	Belarus Popular Front	1989	Zianon Pazniak	Liberal democracy Anti-communism	33 / 110	Centre-right	ARN
		Rukh	People's Movement of Ukraine	1990	Andriy Kornat	Ukrainian nationalism Right-wing populism Regionalism	98 / 450	Right- wing	ARN
		AIM	Union for National Self-Determination	1988	Levon Ter-Petrosyan	Pro-Europeanism Social liberalism Regionalism	63 / 98	Centre-right	ARN
		RPS	Regionalist Party of Siberia	2010	Artyom Loskutov	Direct democracy E-Democracy Regionalism	17 / 320	Centre	ARN
		ARF	Armenian Revolutionary Federation	1890	Ishkhan Saghatelyan	Armenian nationalism United Armenia Market socialism	18 / 98	Left-wing	Left Alliance
		IDD	International Movement of Donbas	1990	Vladimir Kornilov	Anti-Ukrainization Soviet nationalism Donbass regionalism	17 / 450	Centre to centre-left	BCS
		PZU	Party of Greens of Ukraine	1990	Volodymyr Zelenskyy	Social liberalism Social democracy Green Politics	121 / 450	Centre to centre-left	SPPS
		DPU	Democratic Party of Ukraine	1990	Svitlana Kostyuk	Liberalism Social democracy Populism	16 / 450	Centre-right	ARN
		RP	Republican Platform	1990	Oleh Pavlyshyn	Liberalism Conservatism Civic nationalism	28 / 450	Centre-right	SPPS
		NDP	Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine	1996	Lyudmyla Suprun	Social democracy Democratic socialism Federalism	14 / 450	Centre to centre-left	Left Alliance
		QXP	Kazakh People’s Party	1994	Kubanychbek Omuraliev	Kazakh nationalism Populism Regionalism	53 / 149	Centre-right	ARN
		Ushem	Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"	1989	Yury Zaitsev	Mari nationalism Centrism Social conservatism	28 / 73	Big-tent	OFN
		BMPP	Buryat-Mongolian People's Party	1990	Mikhail Ochirov	Buryat nationalism Pan-Mongolism Anti-communism	32 / 96	Centre-right	ARN
		EO	United Osetia	1997	Zurab Kokoyev	Conservatism Ossetian nationalism Russophilia	12 / 34	Big-tent	OFN
		NPB	People's Party of Bashkortostan	1990	Abyzbikä Aitkulova	Pragmatic conservatism Bashkir nationalism	53 / 100	Big-tent	ARN