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Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces: Difference between revisions
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Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces (view source)
Revision as of 20:15, 26 December 2022
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(Created page with "{{Icons|Start|Altverse II}} {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = Russian Maritime Self Defense Forces | native_name = Морские силы самообороны России | image = File:Middle Emblem of the Russian Navy.svg | caption = | start_date = Original: {{Start date and age|1696|10|01|df=yes}}<br>Current: {{Start date and age|1964|02|01|df=yes}} | countr...") |
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The Russian Navy was first established by {{W|Peter the Great}} in 1696 and all of its symbols were designed by him personally. Because Russia has traditionally been a land power with limited access to warm-water ports, during the 19th and 20th centuries the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was considered to have a supporting role to the Army, which was given the priority in development. It underwent some modernization between the 1880s and early 1900s, acquiring modern dreadnoughts and being among the top ten largest navies in the world at the time. After the 1923 [[Russian Revolution]] it saw a severe cut in funding and was neglected by the series of military, democratic, and then [[Derzhavist Russia|derzhavist]] governments that followed, because of the outsized role the Russian Army played in politics in those years and general economic instability. By the end of [[Great War II]], the Russian Navy had largely been left with obsolete equipment and much of it was destroyed. | The Russian Navy was first established by {{W|Peter the Great}} in 1696 and all of its symbols were designed by him personally. Because Russia has traditionally been a land power with limited access to warm-water ports, during the 19th and 20th centuries the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was considered to have a supporting role to the Army, which was given the priority in development. It underwent some modernization between the 1880s and early 1900s, acquiring modern dreadnoughts and being among the top ten largest navies in the world at the time. After the 1923 [[Russian Revolution]] it saw a severe cut in funding and was neglected by the series of military, democratic, and then [[Derzhavist Russia|derzhavist]] governments that followed, because of the outsized role the Russian Army played in politics in those years and general economic instability. By the end of [[Great War II]], the Russian Navy had largely been left with obsolete equipment and much of it was destroyed. | ||
In 1964 the [[Allied powers]] decided to establish the Russian Self-Defense Forces with the postwar Russian government. The Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces (RMSDF) underwent a complete overhaul from the previous situation, with new warships being built and some being donated by Russia's Western allies. Unlike previously, the defense budget during the [[Cold War]] gave the naval forces a larger share, although Russian military doctrine still considers the RMSDF to be secondary and have a supporting role to the [[Russian Ground Self-Defense Forces]] (RGSDF). Despite this the RMSDF became one of the largest navies in Europe by the early 1980s, with the majority of its ships split between the {{W|Arctic Ocean|Arctic}}, {{W|Baltic Sea|Baltic}}, and {{W|Black Sea}}s. Russia has not possessed {{W|aircraft carrier}}s but does have smaller "{{W|helicopter carrier}}s," however the {{W|guided missile cruisers}} and nuclear submarines are seen as the most important part of the fleet. Since the 1990s the size of the fleet has been downsized, with many older warships being retired and being replaced by more advanced vessels. The Russian fleet has participated in supporting [[League of Nations]] peacekeeping missions and international maritime task forces against piracy. | In 1964 the [[Allied powers]] decided to establish the Russian Self-Defense Forces with the postwar Russian government. The Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces (RMSDF) underwent a complete overhaul from the previous situation, with new warships being built and some being donated by Russia's Western allies. Unlike previously, the defense budget during the [[Cold War]] gave the naval forces a larger share, although Russian military doctrine still considers the RMSDF to be secondary and have a supporting role to the [[Russian Ground Self-Defense Forces]] (RGSDF). Despite this the RMSDF became one of the largest navies in Europe by the early 1980s, with the majority of its ships split between the {{W|Arctic Ocean|Arctic}}, {{W|Baltic Sea|Baltic}}, and {{W|Black Sea}}s. Russia has not possessed {{W|aircraft carrier}}s but does have smaller, convertable "{{W|helicopter carrier}}s," however the {{W|guided missile cruisers}} and nuclear submarines are seen as the most important part of the fleet. Since the 1990s the size of the fleet has been downsized, with many older warships being retired and being replaced by more advanced vessels. The Russian fleet has participated in supporting [[League of Nations]] peacekeeping missions and international maritime task forces against piracy. | ||
In the 21st century the RMSDF is organized into the Northern Fleet in the Arctic Ocean, the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet, and the Caspian Flotilla. The Chief of Maritime Self-Defense Forces Staff (Начальник штаба Морских сил самообороны) is the highest-ranking officer in command of the force, while the [[President of Russia]] is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Self-Defense Forces (Верховный главнокомандующий Сил самообороны). | In the 21st century the RMSDF is organized into the Northern Fleet in the Arctic Ocean, the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet, and the Caspian Flotilla. The Chief of Maritime Self-Defense Forces Staff (Начальник штаба Морских сил самообороны) is the highest-ranking officer in command of the force, while the [[President of Russia]] is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Self-Defense Forces (Верховный главнокомандующий Сил самообороны). | ||
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
The Maritime Self-Defense Forces Staff is headquartered at the historic {{W|Admiralty, Saint Petersburg|Admiralty Building in Saint Petersburg}}. Saint Petersburg has traditionally been the Russian Navy's headquarters since the times of Peter the Great, and the Kuznetsov Naval Academy is located there as well. | |||
There are four arms in the Russian Maritime Self Defense Forces: the Surface Force, the Submarine Force, the Coastal Troops, and the Naval Aviation. The Coastal Troops include infantry, artillery, armor, and support forces, while the Naval Aviation mainly consists of helicopters along with some mainly ground-based planes. Officially Russia does not have aircraft carriers, but the helicopter carrier it has is easily convertible to accommodate planes. The largest operational formations are four fleets: the Northern, Black Sea, Baltic, and Caspian. Each of them is organized as a combined force with elements of all four arms of the RMSDF, capable of operating independently. | |||
===Tactical organization=== | |||
[[File:Typhoon3.jpg|thumb|''Typhoon''-class nuclear submarine, one of the largest submarines in the world.]] | |||
[[File:FrogmenExercise2017-08.jpg|thumb|Naval spetsnaz "Commando Frogman" training, 2017.]] | |||
[[File:Zapad-2013 strategic military exercises (2101-27).jpg|thumb|Naval Infantry during landing exercise, 2013.]] | |||
*[[File:Great emblem of the Russian Navy.svg|30px]] '''Maritime Self-Defense Forces Headquarters''' (Saint Petersburg) | |||
**[[File:Russia, fortress flag (black-yellow-white).svg|30px]] '''Kuznetsov Naval Academy''' (Saint Petersburg) | |||
**[[File:Russia, Flag of hydrogrphic vessels of the Navy 2000.svg|30px]] '''Hydrographic Service''' (Arkhangelsk) | |||
**[[File:Russia, Naval flag of rescue vessels of the Interior Force 2000.png|30px]] '''Maritime Special Operations Forces Command''' (Saint Petersburg) | |||
***[[File:Mo narznaki111 7.png|30px]] 42nd "Commando Frogmen" Naval Special Reconnaissance Regiment | |||
**[[File:Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet.svg|30px]] '''Black Sea Fleet''' (Novorossiysk) | |||
***[[File:Sleeve Insignia 24th Submarine Division.svg|30px]] 4th Submarine Division | |||
***[[File:Sleeve patch of the 30th Surface Ship Division.svg|30px]] 30th Surface Ship Division | |||
***41st Missile Boat Brigade | |||
***68th Coastal Defense Ship Brigade | |||
***176th Oceanographic Exploration Ship Division | |||
***197th Assault Ship Brigade | |||
***[[File:22 армейский корпус.pdf|30px]] 126th Coastal Defense Brigade | |||
***[[File:810th marine brigade patch.png|30px]] 810th Naval Infantry Brigade | |||
***[[File:Sleeve patch of the Naval Aviation of Russia.svg|30px]] Black Sea Fleet Air Force | |||
**[[File:Great emblem of the Baltic fleet.svg|30px]] '''Baltic Fleet''' (Saint Petersburg) | |||
***12th Surface Ship Division | |||
***36th Missile Boat Brigade | |||
***71st Assault Ship Brigade | |||
***123rd Submarine Brigade | |||
***[[File:Э11обрабр.png|30px]] 11th Coastal Artillery Brigade | |||
***[[File:Эмблема 336 ОБрМДКПБФ.png|30px]] 336th Naval Infantry Brigade | |||
***[[File:Sleeve patch of the Naval Aviation of Russia.svg|30px]] Baltic Fleet Air Force | |||
**[[File:Great emblem of the Northern Fleet.svg|30px]] '''Northern Fleet''' (Arkhangelsk) | |||
***2nd Auxiliary Ship Division | |||
***4th Submarine Division | |||
***7th Submarine Division | |||
***43rd Surface Ship Division | |||
***[[File:Sleeve patch of the Naval Aviation of Russia.svg|30px]] Northern Fleet Air Force | |||
**[[File:Great emblem of the Caspian Flotilla.svg|30px]] '''Caspian Flotilla''' (Astrakhan) | |||
***177th Surface Ship Division | |||
***[[File:Эмблема 879 ОДШБ.png|30px]] 879th Naval Infantry Brigade | |||
***[[File:Sleeve patch of the Naval Aviation of Russia.svg|30px]] Caspian Flotilla Air Force | |||
===Surface and Submarine Force=== | ===Surface and Submarine Force=== | ||
===Naval Infantry=== | ===Naval Infantry=== | ||
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==Equipment== | ==Equipment== | ||
===Ships=== | ===Ships=== | ||
<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="140"> | |||
File:Minsk aircraft carrier.jpg|''Admiral Lazarev''-class helicopter carrier, flagship of the RMSDF | |||
File:Kerch2007Sevastopol.jpg|{{W|Kara-class cruiser}}, most powerful RMSDF surface combat ship | |||
File:AdmiralVinogradov2009.jpg|{{W|Udaloy-class destroyer}} | |||
File:Admiral Gorshkov frigate 03.jpg|{{W|Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate}} | |||
File:Corvette Steregushchiy.jpg|{{W|Steregushchiy-class corvette}} | |||
File:«Волгодонск».jpg|{{W|Buyan-class corvette}} | |||
File:Schiff «Burya» 03.jpg|{{W|Karakurt-class corvette}} | |||
File:Kaliningrad2004Cartagena.jpg|{{W|Ropucha-class landing ship}} | |||
File:«Мордовия» и «Евгений Кочешков».jpg|{{W|Zubr-class LCAC}} | |||
File:Balzam-class general intelligence collector ship - Ocean Sarafi 85 - DN-ST-86-02553.JPEG|{{W|Balzam-class intelligence ship}} | |||
File:«Дмитрий Рогачёв».jpg|{{W|Project 22160 patrol ship}} | |||
File:Граченок.jpg|{{W|Grachonok-class anti-saboteur ship}} | |||
File:Тральщик "Александр Обухов".jpg|{{W|Alexandrit-class minesweeper}} | |||
File:Missile range instrumentation ship "Marshal Nedelin" in 1985.jpeg|Missile range instrumentation ship ''Marshal Krylov'' | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Aircraft=== | ===Aircraft=== | ||
<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="140"> | |||
File:Su27K (Su33) DD-SD-99-06153.jpg|{{W|Sukhoi Su-27#Variants|Su-27K}} fight jet on the deck of ''Admiral Lazarev'', which is a convertible "dual-use" helicopter/aircraft carrier | |||
File:Kamov Ka-29 in fight.jpg|{{W|Kamov Ka-29}} naval helicopter. | |||
File:Russian Navy Il-38N.jpg|{{W|Ilyushin Il-38}} anti-submarine aircraft. | |||
File:Return of aircraft and helicopters from the Admiral Kuznetsov to Severomorsk (7).jpg|{{W|Mikoyan MiG-29K}} ground-based fighter. | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Future plans== | ==Future plans== | ||
==Deployments== | ==Deployments== | ||