678
edits
Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
(→Ships) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
| commander3 = [[File:Flag of Russia's Chief of Staff.svg|22px]] {{W|Colonel General}} [[Viktor Zolnikov]] | | commander3 = [[File:Flag of Russia's Chief of Staff.svg|22px]] {{W|Colonel General}} [[Viktor Zolnikov]] | ||
| commander3_label = [[Chief of the Defense Staff (Russia)|Chief of the Defense Staff]] | | commander3_label = [[Chief of the Defense Staff (Russia)|Chief of the Defense Staff]] | ||
| commander4 = [[File:Flag of Russia's Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.svg|22px]] {{W|Admiral}} [[ | | commander4 = [[File:Flag of Russia's Commander-in-Chief of the Navy.svg|22px]] {{W|Admiral}} [[Yegor Makarov]] | ||
| commander4_label = [[Chief of the Maritime Self-Defense Forces | | commander4_label = [[Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces|RMSDF Commander-in-Chief]] | ||
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | | notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | ||
| identification_symbol = [[File:Naval Ensign of Russia.svg|150px]] | | identification_symbol = [[File:Naval Ensign of Russia.svg|150px]] | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
| identification_symbol_4_label = Sleeve patch | | identification_symbol_4_label = Sleeve patch | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces''' ({{W|Russian language|Russian}}: Морские силы самообороны России, '''RMSDF'''), also referred to as the '''Russian | The '''Russian Maritime Self-Defense Forces''' ({{W|Russian language|Russian}}: Морские силы самообороны России, '''RMSDF'''), also referred to as the '''Russian navy''', is the {{W|Navy|naval}} component of the [[Russian Self-Defense Forces]]. As of 2022, the RMSDF has about 81,000 active personnel and 120 warships and auxiliary ships. It is the ''de facto'' navy of Russia and is one of the largest navies in Europe. | ||
The Russian Navy was first established by {{W|Peter the Great}} in 1696 and all of its symbols were designed by him personally. Because Russia has traditionally been a land power with limited access to warm-water ports, during the 19th and 20th centuries the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was considered to have a supporting role to the Army, which was given the priority in development. It underwent some modernization between the 1880s and early 1900s, acquiring modern dreadnoughts and being among the top ten largest navies in the world at the time. After the 1923 [[Russian Revolution]] it saw a severe cut in funding and was neglected by the series of military, democratic, and then [[Derzhavist Russia|derzhavist]] governments that followed, because of the outsized role the Russian Army played in politics in those years and general economic instability. By the end of [[Great War II]], the Russian Navy had largely been left with obsolete equipment and much of it was destroyed. | The Russian Navy was first established by {{W|Peter the Great}} in 1696 and all of its symbols were designed by him personally. Because Russia has traditionally been a land power with limited access to warm-water ports, during the 19th and 20th centuries the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was considered to have a supporting role to the Army, which was given the priority in development. It underwent some modernization between the 1880s and early 1900s, acquiring modern dreadnoughts and being among the top ten largest navies in the world at the time. After the 1923 [[Russian Revolution]] it saw a severe cut in funding and was neglected by the series of military, democratic, and then [[Derzhavist Russia|derzhavist]] governments that followed, because of the outsized role the Russian Army played in politics in those years and general economic instability. By the end of [[Great War II]], the Russian Navy had largely been left with obsolete equipment and much of it was destroyed. | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
===Imperial Navy=== | ===Imperial Navy=== | ||
Russia's naval history originates in the late 17th century to the {{W|Tsardom of Russia}} when the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was founded in 1696. Under {{W|Emperor of all Russias|Tsar}} {{W|Peter the Great}}, the Imperial Russian Navy was expanded with the creation of the [[Baltic Fleet]], Russia's first fleet, as the first major formation of the navy. The first major conflict in partook in was the {{W|Great Northern War}} (1700–1721) between Russia and the {{W|Swedish Empire}} with Russia's first major naval victory was the {{W|Battle of Kotlin}}. As the [[Russian Empire]] was formed, the navy continued to expand and grow and became one of the biggest navies in all of Europe and the world by the 1720s under Peter the Great, however its quality would deteriorate followng his death and had to be rebuilt under Empress {{W|Anna of Russia}} to retain Russia's military power and keep it as one of the biggest naval powers in the world. | Russia's naval history originates in the late 17th century to the {{W|Tsardom of Russia}} when the {{W|Imperial Russian Navy}} was founded in 1696. Under {{W|Emperor of all Russias|Tsar}} {{W|Peter the Great}}, the Imperial Russian Navy was expanded with the creation of the [[Baltic Fleet]], Russia's first fleet, as the first major formation of the navy. The first major conflict in partook in was the {{W|Great Northern War}} (1700–1721) between Russia and the {{W|Swedish Empire}} with Russia's first major naval victory was the {{W|Battle of Kotlin}}. As the [[Russian Empire]] was formed, the navy continued to expand and grow and became one of the biggest navies in all of Europe and the world by the 1720s under Peter the Great, however its quality would deteriorate followng his death and had to be rebuilt under Empress {{W|Anna of Russia}} to retain Russia's military power and keep it as one of the biggest naval powers in the world. | ||
=== | ===Revolution and the Great Wars=== | ||
===Creation of the RMSDF=== | |||
In October 1957, the Russian Armed Forces were officially abolished by the [[Allied Control Council]]. Much of the Russian Navy's [[Black Sea Fleet]] became part of the newly-formed [[Ukrainian Navy]] and the [[Georgian Navy]], part of the [[Caspian Sea Flotilla]] went to the [[Azerbaijani Navy]] and the [[Kazakh Naval Forces]], and some of the [[Russian Northern Fleet]] at the behest of the Allies. In total, by the end of the war there were two ageing battleships, six cruisers, 30 destroyers, 150 torpedo boats, and 90 minesweepers. The battleships became part of the Ukrainian fleet. In August 1958 a mine-clearing force was established using some of these vessels. As early as the fall of 1958 there were proposals for a Russian rearmament, as the [[Cold War]] was underway and the Allied Control Council believed that the newly-independent states in Central and Northern Asia were too weak to defend themselves, and the Western countries did not have the resources to defend all of them, while the [[People's Republic of China]] had emerged from Great War II as the strongest military power in the Asian mainland. Western governments envisioned a Russian ground force that could deter China from acting against the newly independent states in Asia, and a naval force to support it, primarily based in the Arctic Ocean, that would be capable of moving into the Pacific. In January 1959, the Russian Ministry of Demobilization began keeping track of former naval officers and personnel, and a naval department was formed to study the feasibility of creating a "maritime self-defense force" in Russia. | |||
In 1960, Sierra and Germany informed Russia that it would need to rearm to protect itself and the region from potential Chinese expansionism, despite British and Polish opposition. The [[Russian Self-Defense Forces]] would be established to this end. In 1963 several vessels of the [[Sierran Royal Navy]] and the [[German Navy]] were donated so that the new Russian navy would have modern warships to work with. On February 1, 1964, the [[Law on the Self-Defense Forces]] was passed by the [[State Duma]], and the RMSDF was officially established. Between 1964 and 1970, the Maritime Self-Defense Forces underwent their first build-up, acquiring vessels from Russia's allies and constructing new ships at the main shipyards in {{W|Severodvinsk}} (near {{W|Arkhangelsk}}), or at the {{W|Saint Petersburg}} yard. Under the first Basic National Defense Strategy, adopted in June 1964, the MSDF was to be centered around submarines and small surface ships equipped with missiles, more so than their Western counterparts, with the main purpose being to counter Chinese or Continental submarines. The Northern Treaty Organization envisioned the goal of the RMSDF to be anti-submarine activity in the Arctic and the Pacific. But Russia also developed some larger ship classes, including the ''Kara'' class cruiser. | |||
In the second phase of its build-up, from 1970 to 1978, saw the RMSDF expand its submarine fleet and develop it to the point where indigenous Russian submarine designs surpassed Western designs in some respects. The surface fleet of the MSDF was primarily intended to be an anti-submarine force, though the need to support larger operations in the Pacific – the most likely potential theater of war, against the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] – with an escort force arose. So by the late 1970s plans for "helicopter carriers" were being made by the Russian government. | |||
===Cold War=== | ===Cold War=== | ||
===Modern RMSDF=== | ===Modern RMSDF=== | ||