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M V/M VII Opsiános: Difference between revisions
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The new tank received night vision equipment for the driver and was designated Opsiános B (''Proiókt'' 137G). It was equipped with an OPVT wading snorkel, the TSh-2A-22 telescopic sight, TVN-1 infrared driver's periscope and IR headlight, a new R-113 radio, multi-stage engine air filter and radiator controls for improved engine performance, an electrical oil pump, a bilge pump, an automatic fire extinguisher and extra fuel tanks. | The new tank received night vision equipment for the driver and was designated Opsiános B (''Proiókt'' 137G). It was equipped with an OPVT wading snorkel, the TSh-2A-22 telescopic sight, TVN-1 infrared driver's periscope and IR headlight, a new R-113 radio, multi-stage engine air filter and radiator controls for improved engine performance, an electrical oil pump, a bilge pump, an automatic fire extinguisher and extra fuel tanks. | ||
The tank officially entered production in 1955 and service in 1956. It served as a basis for M6BI command tank, with additional R-112 radio set (front line tanks were equipped with R-113 radio set), TNA-2 navigational device, ammunition load for the main gun decreased by 5 rounds and the AB-1-P/30 charging unit, which was produced in small numbers. <s>In October 1955 a M6B tank, designated as M6V (''Proiókt'' 139) served as a testbed for new D-54T and D-54TS 100 mm smoothbore guns and "Raduga" and "Molniya" stabilization systems, which were later used in the T-62</s> (see if we can incorporate some M5 refs in this). These were not completely successful, so further M7 development continued to use the D-10 series guns. It was fitted with | The tank officially entered production in 1955 and service in 1956. It served as a basis for M6BI command tank, with additional R-112 radio set (front line tanks were equipped with R-113 radio set), TNA-2 navigational device, ammunition load for the main gun decreased by 5 rounds and the AB-1-P/30 charging unit, which was produced in small numbers. <s>In October 1955 a M6B tank, designated as M6V (''Proiókt'' 139) served as a testbed for new D-54T and D-54TS 100 mm smoothbore guns and "Raduga" and "Molniya" stabilization systems, which were later used in the T-62</s> (see if we can incorporate some M5 refs in this). These were not completely successful, so further M7 development continued to use the D-10 series guns. It was fitted with S4-4-3V engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). It never went into production. | ||
A new version, based on the Opsiános B, designated Opsiános C (''Proiókt'' 137G2), was designed in 1956. It was fitted with a new 100 mm D-10T2S tank gun with STP-2 "Tsyklon" 2-plane stabilizer. It entered production in 1958. From 1959, the new tanks were equipped with an L-2 "Luna" infrared searchlight, a TPN-1-22-11 IR gunner's sight, and an OU-3 IR commander's searchlight. Modern APFSDS ammunition was developed, dramatically enhancing the penetrative performance of the gun to keep it competitive with NATO armour developments. The Opsiános C served as the basis for the "CI" command tank, which had exactly the same additional equipment as the "BI" command tank. | A new version, based on the Opsiános B, designated Opsiános C (''Proiókt'' 137G2), was designed in 1956. It was fitted with a new 100 mm D-10T2S tank gun with STP-2 "Tsyklon" 2-plane stabilizer. It entered production in 1958. From 1959, the new tanks were equipped with an L-2 "Luna" infrared searchlight, a TPN-1-22-11 IR gunner's sight, and an OU-3 IR commander's searchlight. Modern APFSDS ammunition was developed, dramatically enhancing the penetrative performance of the gun to keep it competitive with NATO armour developments. The Opsiános C served as the basis for the "CI" command tank, which had exactly the same additional equipment as the "BI" command tank. | ||
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The tank was equipped with a full PAZ/FVU chemical filtration system. The coaxial 7.62 mm SGMT machine gun was replaced by a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The hull back plate was slightly redesigned to increase the internal volume. The hull machine gun was removed, making space for six more main gun rounds. These changes increased the weight of the vehicle to 38 tonnes. | The tank was equipped with a full PAZ/FVU chemical filtration system. The coaxial 7.62 mm SGMT machine gun was replaced by a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The hull back plate was slightly redesigned to increase the internal volume. The hull machine gun was removed, making space for six more main gun rounds. These changes increased the weight of the vehicle to 38 tonnes. | ||
The tank was fitted with the new | The tank was fitted with the new S4-4-3V-II 12-cylinder four-stroke one-chamber, 38.88-litre water-cooled diesel engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). Engine power was increased by raising the pressure of the fuel delivery and charging degree. The designers planned to introduce a heating system for the engine compartment and MC-1 diesel fuel filter. The engine was to be started pneumatically with the use of an AK-150S charger and an electric starter. This eliminated the need for the tank to carry a tank filled with air. To allow easier access during maintenance and repairs, it was decided to change hatches over the engine compartment. To increase the operational range, 300 litres (66 imp gal; 79 US gal) fuel tanks were added to the front of the hull, increasing the overall fuel capacity to 680 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal). | ||
The design work was done by GSP-520 design bureau of ASVE under the leadership of Phobor H. Katsaros. The Soúper Opsiános B served as the basis for the "BI" command tank. | The design work was done by GSP-520 design bureau of ASVE under the leadership of Phobor H. Katsaros. The Soúper Opsiános B served as the basis for the "BI" command tank. | ||
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In common OFSN nomenclature the four main variants are referred to as "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B,'' and ''C''", although the proper traslitteration from Valárian would be "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B'', and ''G''" as in "''Alfa (I and II),'' ''Beta,'' and ''Gamma''". | In common OFSN nomenclature the four main variants are referred to as "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B,'' and ''C''", although the proper traslitteration from Valárian would be "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B'', and ''G''" as in "''Alfa (I and II),'' ''Beta,'' and ''Gamma''". | ||
* '''Opsiános A (Proiókt 137)''' or '''Opsiános A-I''' – Produced 1947–1951. With flat-faced turret and beak gun mantlet, similar to M4, new | * '''Opsiános A (Proiókt 137)''' or '''Opsiános A-I''' – Produced 1947–1951. With flat-faced turret and beak gun mantlet, similar to M4, new S4-4-3V engine, unstabilized D-10T 100 mm main gun. Only a small number were built for trials that were a fiasco; as a result, the production of the T-54 series was halted until the implementation of modifications. | ||
*'''Opsiános A-II (Proiókt 137R)''' – Produced 1951–1955. It incorporated a number of improvements to the turret, as well a wider track (580 mm) and modernized transmission. The turret is enlarged with a longer dome-shaped overhang at the rear (inspired by the G4 heavy tanks), the front face is similar to the "A-I" model but with triangular cutouts in the lower part and no gun mantlet. | *'''Opsiános A-II (Proiókt 137R)''' – Produced 1951–1955. It incorporated a number of improvements to the turret, as well a wider track (580 mm) and modernized transmission. The turret is enlarged with a longer dome-shaped overhang at the rear (inspired by the G4 heavy tanks), the front face is similar to the "A-I" model but with triangular cutouts in the lower part and no gun mantlet. | ||
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====M7 Soúper Opsiános==== | ====M7 Soúper Opsiános==== | ||
*<s>'''T-55 (Proiókt 155)''' – Produced 1960–1963, in Poland 1958–1964, in Czechoslovakia from 1958 to 1983. It has a new turret with floor, PAZ nuclear-blast protection and over-pressure NBC system, gamma ray detector, improved | *<s>'''T-55 (Proiókt 155)''' – Produced 1960–1963, in Poland 1958–1964, in Czechoslovakia from 1958 to 1983. It has a new turret with floor, PAZ nuclear-blast protection and over-pressure NBC system, gamma ray detector, improved S4-4-3V-II engine developing 580 horsepower (430 kW) (the engine output was boosted by increasing both pressure of injected fuel and degree of compression) and power-assisted clutch, MC-1 internal oil filter, AK-150S compressor which allows pneumatic start of the engine (the electric starter was removed), new internal fuel tanks with a capacity of 300 L situated in the front of the hull (this increased the overall capacity of the internal fuel tanks to 680 L), ammunition load for the main gun was increased from 34 rounds to 43 (18 of which are stored in "wet containers" situated inside the hull fuel tanks), "Rosa" fire-protection system and TDA exhaust smoke generator. The engine compartment was equipped with a heating system. To compensate for the increase in mass caused by the new equipment the rear hull armour was thinned. The loader's DShK 1938/46 antiaircraft heavy machine gun was removed. The T-55 also lacks a turret dome ventilator. Early units had flush loader's hatch. "Starfish" road wheels replaced earlier "spider" style. Also a snorkel can be placed on T-55 (unlike its predecessors) to allow it to cross 5.5 m depths at a speed of 2 kilometres per hour (1.2 mph) (without preparation T-55 can cross 1.4 m depths). This equipment takes about 30 minutes' preparation, but can be jettisoned immediately on leaving the water.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-55A (Proiókt 155A)''' – Produced 1963–1976, in Poland 1964–1979. The T-55A MBT was primarily developed to incorporate a new antiradiation lining and full PAZ/FVU chemical filtration system. One of the major internal additions was the use of a plasticized lead sheeting for antiradiation protection. This was evident externally due to use of an enlarged driver's hatch and enlarged combings over the commander's and loader's hatch to accommodate the new material. Improved POV anti-radiation protection (leading to visibly protruding turret hatches) and NBC filtration, dispensed with bow machine gun. The coaxial SGMT machine gun was replaced with a PKT machine gun. The hull machine gun was removed, which made room for six more 100 mm gun rounds Since 1970, T-55A tanks began to receive a new turret fitting for the 12.7mm DShK 1938/46 antiaircraft heavy machine gun.</s> | *<s>'''T-55A (Proiókt 155A)''' – Produced 1963–1976, in Poland 1964–1979. The T-55A MBT was primarily developed to incorporate a new antiradiation lining and full PAZ/FVU chemical filtration system. One of the major internal additions was the use of a plasticized lead sheeting for antiradiation protection. This was evident externally due to use of an enlarged driver's hatch and enlarged combings over the commander's and loader's hatch to accommodate the new material. Improved POV anti-radiation protection (leading to visibly protruding turret hatches) and NBC filtration, dispensed with bow machine gun. The coaxial SGMT machine gun was replaced with a PKT machine gun. The hull machine gun was removed, which made room for six more 100 mm gun rounds Since 1970, T-55A tanks began to receive a new turret fitting for the 12.7mm DShK 1938/46 antiaircraft heavy machine gun.</s> | ||
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*<s>'''T-54M (Proiókt 137M)''' (1977) – Additional upgrades, including OPVT snorkel and KTD-1 laser rangefinder.</s> | *<s>'''T-54M (Proiókt 137M)''' (1977) – Additional upgrades, including OPVT snorkel and KTD-1 laser rangefinder.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-54AM (Proiókt 137M)''' (mid-1960s) – Further upgrades, including increased ammunition, new radios, new | *<s>'''T-54AM (Proiókt 137M)''' (mid-1960s) – Further upgrades, including increased ammunition, new radios, new S4-4-3V-II engine. Some received new RMSh track and drive sprocket developed for the T-72 tank in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Similar programs were carried out in other countries (T-54Z, T-54AZ, T-54AMZ for ''Zusatzausrüstung'', 'additional equipment' in East Germany, T-54AR ''Řeka/Reka'', 'river', with fording snorkel in Czechoslovakia).</s> | ||
====<s>T-55</s>==== | ====<s>T-55</s>==== | ||
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*<s>'''T-55''' fitted with the ZET-1 vehicle protection system. It has net structure centred on vehicles main armament and flipper-type side plates.</s> | *<s>'''T-55''' fitted with the ZET-1 vehicle protection system. It has net structure centred on vehicles main armament and flipper-type side plates.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-55M (Proiókt 155M)'''/'''T-55AM (Proiókt 155AM)''' – Modernization of respectively T-55 and T-55A with new "Volna" fire control system, 9K116-1 "Bastion" ATGM system with new 1K13 BOM guidance device/sight, improved "Tsiklon-M1" gun stabilization system and TShSM-32PV sights, | *<s>'''T-55M (Proiókt 155M)'''/'''T-55AM (Proiókt 155AM)''' – Modernization of respectively T-55 and T-55A with new "Volna" fire control system, 9K116-1 "Bastion" ATGM system with new 1K13 BOM guidance device/sight, improved "Tsiklon-M1" gun stabilization system and TShSM-32PV sights, S4-4-3V-III engine, improved suspension and RMSh tracks, increased armour, anti-mine, anti-napalm and improved anti-radiation protection and new R-173/173P radio set. Visual differences include a laser range-finder in an armoured box fitted over the main armament, side skirts, 81 mm "Tucha" smoke grenade launchers, BDD turret brow armour and glacis appliqué, and rear RPG screens (only used rarely in Afghanistan).</s> | ||
** <s>'''T-55M-1 (Proiókt 155M-1)'''/'''T-55AM-1 (Proiókt 155AM-1)''' – The "-1" suffix was applied to later modified tanks that are powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) V-46-5M engine, which was derived from the T-72's 780 hp (582 kW) V-46-6.</s> | ** <s>'''T-55M-1 (Proiókt 155M-1)'''/'''T-55AM-1 (Proiókt 155AM-1)''' – The "-1" suffix was applied to later modified tanks that are powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) V-46-5M engine, which was derived from the T-72's 780 hp (582 kW) V-46-6.</s> | ||
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**<s>'''T-55MV-1 (Proiókt 155MV-1)'''/'''T-55AMV-1 (Proiókt 155AMV-1)''' – Versions powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) engine V-46-5M.</s> | **<s>'''T-55MV-1 (Proiókt 155MV-1)'''/'''T-55AMV-1 (Proiókt 155AMV-1)''' – Versions powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) engine V-46-5M.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-55M5 (Proiókt 155M5)''' – This modernization kit adds convex explosive reactive armour "Kontakt-5" panels around turret front, armour panel on glacis plate, a longer hull, a new style fire control equipment with stabilized TVK-3 and TKN-1SM sights for the gunner and commander, an improved | *<s>'''T-55M5 (Proiókt 155M5)''' – This modernization kit adds convex explosive reactive armour "Kontakt-5" panels around turret front, armour panel on glacis plate, a longer hull, a new style fire control equipment with stabilized TVK-3 and TKN-1SM sights for the gunner and commander, an improved S4-4-3V-III engine (or V-46-5M) and a main gun stabilization system. The original 100 mm D-10T2S gun is maintained. Combat weight is less than 40 tonnes.</s> | ||
**<s>'''T-55M6 (Proiókt 155M6)''' – A more radical upgrade with longer chassis with 6 road wheels each side, a 690 hp V-46-5M diesel engine and with the complete turret with automatic loader and the 2A46M 125 mm main gun of the T-72B. Also, the protection was increased to T-80U level. Optionally, the tank can be equipped with the 1A40-1 fire control system with the 9K120 "Svir" ATGM system (as per the T-72B) or with the 1A42 and 9K119 "Refleks" systems (as per the T-80U). Combat weight is 43 tonnes.</s> | **<s>'''T-55M6 (Proiókt 155M6)''' – A more radical upgrade with longer chassis with 6 road wheels each side, a 690 hp V-46-5M diesel engine and with the complete turret with automatic loader and the 2A46M 125 mm main gun of the T-72B. Also, the protection was increased to T-80U level. Optionally, the tank can be equipped with the 1A40-1 fire control system with the 9K120 "Svir" ATGM system (as per the T-72B) or with the 1A42 and 9K119 "Refleks" systems (as per the T-80U). Combat weight is 43 tonnes.</s> | ||