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M V/M VII Opsiános: Difference between revisions
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<!-- Vehiclespecifications --> | <!-- Vehiclespecifications --> | ||
| armour = | | armour = | ||
| primary_armament = {{bulleted list |M6A-I/M6A-II | | primary_armament = {{bulleted list |M6A-I/M6A-II - 100mm rifled gun 75(II)-OM100|M6B - 100mm rifled gun 75(V)-OM100|M6C/M7 - 100mm rifled gun 71-OM100}} | ||
| secondary_armament = | | secondary_armament = | ||
| engine = {{bulleted list |M6/M7A - S4/3-3V W12 water-cooled diesel|M7B - S4/3-4V W12 water-cooled diesel}} | | engine = {{bulleted list |M6/M7A - S4/3-3V W12 water-cooled diesel|M7B - S4/3-4V W12 water-cooled diesel}} | ||
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Production of the initial series of M6s began slowly as 1,490 modifications were made. The Sofíae Army received a tank that was superior to World War II designs and theoretically better than the newest tanks of potential opponents. The 100 mm gun fired BR-412 series full-calibre APHE ammunition, which had superior penetration ability when compared to the M4 that it replaced. | Production of the initial series of M6s began slowly as 1,490 modifications were made. The Sofíae Army received a tank that was superior to World War II designs and theoretically better than the newest tanks of potential opponents. The 100 mm gun fired BR-412 series full-calibre APHE ammunition, which had superior penetration ability when compared to the M4 that it replaced. | ||
The serial production version, designated Opsiános A (or A-I retroactively), differed from the second M6 prototype. It had thicker hull armour (80 mm on the sides, 30 mm on the roof and 20 mm on the bottom). As production ramped up, ergonomics problems emerged. Production was stopped and an improved A-Ⅱ(''Proiókt'' | The serial production version, designated Opsiános A (or A-I retroactively), differed from the second M6 prototype. It had thicker hull armour (80 mm on the sides, 30 mm on the roof and 20 mm on the bottom). As production ramped up, ergonomics problems emerged. Production was stopped and an improved A-Ⅱ(''Proiókt'' 137-II) version was designed. Several changes were made and a new turret was fitted. The new dome-shaped turret with flat front sides was inspired by the turret from the G4 heavy tank, ammunition load for the main gun was increased to 34 rounds. | ||
The transmission was modernised and new TSh-2-22 telescopic gunner's sight replaced the older TSh-20 model. The tank featured the TDA smoke generating system and the track was widened to 580 mm. The Opsiános A-II entered production in 1951, at Ulrech Svarald Tank Factory No. 183 (now [[Arlansor Armored-Vehicle Plant (ASVE)|ASVE]]). A command version was built, the M6A-II I (''igesía''), with a second R-113 radio. | The transmission was modernised and new TSh-2-22 telescopic gunner's sight replaced the older TSh-20 model. The tank featured the TDA smoke generating system and the track was widened to 580 mm. The Opsiános A-II entered production in 1951, at Ulrech Svarald Tank Factory No. 183 (now [[Arlansor Armored-Vehicle Plant (ASVE)|ASVE]]). A command version was built, the M6A-II I (''igesía''), with a second R-113 radio. | ||
===M6 Opsiános B and C === | ===M6 Opsiános B and C=== | ||
In the beginning of the 1950s, the design team at GSP-60 (TVSDB) decided to fit the 100 mm | In the beginning of the 1950s, the design team at GSP-60 (TVSDB) decided to fit the 100 mm 75(II)-OM100 tank gun with the STP-1 "Gorizont" vertical stabilizer. The new tank gun received the designation 75(V)-OM100 and was fitted into the M6's turret. | ||
The new tank received night vision equipment for the driver and was designated Opsiános B (''Proiókt'' | The new tank received night vision equipment for the driver and was designated Opsiános B (''Proiókt'' 137B). It was equipped with an OPVT wading snorkel, the TSh-2A-22 telescopic sight, TVN-1 infrared driver's periscope and IR headlight, a new R-113 radio, multi-stage engine air filter and radiator controls for improved engine performance, an electrical oil pump, a bilge pump, an automatic fire extinguisher and extra fuel tanks. | ||
The tank officially entered production in 1955 and service in 1956. It served as a basis for M6BI command tank, with additional R-112 radio set (front line tanks were equipped with R-113 radio set), TNA-2 navigational device, ammunition load for the main gun decreased by 5 rounds and the AB-1-P/30 charging unit, which was produced in small numbers. <s>In October 1955 a M6B tank, designated as M6V (''Proiókt'' 139) served as a testbed for new D-54T and D-54TS 100 mm smoothbore guns and "Raduga" and "Molniya" stabilization systems, which were later used in the T-62</s> (see if we can incorporate some M5 refs in this). These were not completely successful, so further M7 development continued to use the D-10 series guns. It was fitted with S4/3-3V-II engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). It never went into production. | The tank officially entered production in 1955 and service in 1956. It served as a basis for M6BI command tank, with additional R-112 radio set (front line tanks were equipped with R-113 radio set), TNA-2 navigational device, ammunition load for the main gun decreased by 5 rounds and the AB-1-P/30 charging unit, which was produced in small numbers. <s>In October 1955 a M6B tank, designated as M6V (''Proiókt'' 139) served as a testbed for new D-54T and D-54TS 100 mm smoothbore guns and "Raduga" and "Molniya" stabilization systems, which were later used in the T-62</s> (see if we can incorporate some M5 refs in this). These were not completely successful, so further M7 development continued to use the D-10 series guns. It was fitted with S4/3-3V-II engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). It never went into production. | ||
A new version, based on the Opsiános B, designated Opsiános C (''Proiókt'' | A new version, based on the Opsiános B, designated Opsiános C (''Proiókt'' 137G), was designed in 1956. It was fitted with a new 100 mm 71-OM100 tank gun with STP-2 "Tsyklon" 2-plane stabilizer. It entered production in 1958. From 1959, the new tanks were equipped with an L-2 "Luna" infrared searchlight, a TPN-1-22-11 IR gunner's sight, and an OU-3 IR commander's searchlight. Modern APFSDS ammunition was developed, dramatically enhancing the penetrative performance of the gun to keep it competitive with NATO armour developments. The Opsiános C served as the basis for the "CI" command tank, which had exactly the same additional equipment as the "BI" command tank. | ||
===M7 Soúper Opsiános A=== | === M7 Soúper Opsiános A === | ||
By the late 1950s, the personnel of the GSP-60 design bureau of the [[Tenediktos Skormovo Plant|Tenediktos Skormovo Plant (TSE)]], now under the leadership of [[Aiakos Theoron]], ha stopped any design work on the Opsiános platform to concentrate on a next-generation main battle tank, which would become the M8, turning over all future M6 development to the GSP-520 design bureau in Arlansor. | By the late 1950s, the personnel of the GSP-60 design bureau of the [[Tenediktos Skormovo Plant|Tenediktos Skormovo Plant (TSE)]], now under the leadership of [[Aiakos Theoron]], ha stopped any design work on the Opsiános platform to concentrate on a next-generation main battle tank, which would become the M8, turning over all future M6 development to the GSP-520 design bureau in Arlansor. | ||
Trials with nuclear weapons showed that an M6 could survive a 2–15 kt nuclear charge at a range of more than 300 metres (980 ft) from the epicentre, but the crew had a chance of surviving at a minimum of 700 metres (2,300 ft). It was decided to create an NBC (nuclear, biological, and chemical) protection system which would start working 0.3 seconds after detecting gamma radiation. | Trials with nuclear weapons showed that an M6 could survive a 2–15 kt nuclear charge at a range of more than 300 metres (980 ft) from the epicentre, but the crew had a chance of surviving at a minimum of 700 metres (2,300 ft). It was decided to create an NBC (nuclear, biological, and chemical) protection system which would start working 0.3 seconds after detecting gamma radiation. | ||
The task of creating a basic AnP (''Antipyrinikí Prostasía'') NBC protection system offering protection against the blast of a nuclear weapon and (radioactive) particulate filtration, but not against external gamma radiation or gas was completed in 1957. The POV plasticized lead antiradiation lining was developed to provide the needed protection. It was installed in the interior, requiring the driver's hatch and the coamings over the turret hatches to be noticeably enlarged. This liner had the added benefit of protecting the crew from fragments of penetrated armour. | The task of creating a basic AnP (''Antipyrinikí Prostasía'') NBC protection system offering protection against the blast of a nuclear weapon and (radioactive) particulate filtration, but not against external gamma radiation or gas was completed in 1957. The POV plasticized lead antiradiation lining was developed to provide the needed protection for the crew from fast neutrons. It was installed in the interior, requiring the driver's hatch and the coamings over the turret hatches to be noticeably enlarged. This liner had the added benefit of protecting the crew from fragments of penetrated armour. | ||
It was also decided to increase the tank's abilities by changing its construction and introducing new production technologies. Many of those changes were initially tested on the M6V (''Proiókt'' 139). The suspension system was redesigned to use smaller roadwheels with a conventional rubber rim, as the large pneumatic tires were difficult to mantain and substitute, prone to clogging in deep mud and also susceptible to extreme cold or hot temperatures. The ammunition load for the main gun was increased from 34 to | It was also decided to increase the tank's abilities by changing its construction and introducing new production technologies. Many of those changes were initially tested on the M6V (''Proiókt'' 139). The suspension system was redesigned to use smaller roadwheels with a conventional rubber rim, as the large pneumatic tires were difficult to mantain and substitute, prone to clogging in deep mud and also susceptible to extreme cold or hot temperatures. The ammunition load for the main gun was increased from 34 to 43, with 18 shells stored in so-called "wet containers" located in hull fuel tanks (the concept for which came from [[Katsaros-Arlansor Machine Building Design Bureau (KADB)|Katsaros]]' cancelled ''Proiókt'' 140). The ammunition load included high explosive-fragmentation and anti-tank rounds and designers also planned to introduce the BK5M high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds which penetrated 390 millimetres (15 in) thick armour. The TPKU commander's vision device was replaced by either the TPKUB or TPKU-2B. The gunner received a TNP-165 vision device. | ||
The tank was supposed to be equipped with the "Rosa" fire protection system. The tank had a thicker turret casting and the improved two-plane gun stabilization system from the M6C, and night vision fighting equipment. To balance the weight of the new equipment, the armour on the back of the hull was thinned slightly. | The tank was supposed to be equipped with the "Rosa" fire protection system. The tank had a thicker turret casting and the improved two-plane gun stabilization system from the M6C, and night vision fighting equipment. To balance the weight of the new equipment, the armour on the back of the hull was thinned slightly. | ||
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===Soúper Opsiános B=== | ===Soúper Opsiános B=== | ||
In 1962, development of improved NBC protection systems began. The goal was to protect the crew from | In 1962, development of improved NBC protection systems began. The goal was to protect the crew from poisonous gas, against which the AnP basic filtration system and POV lining were ineffective. | ||
The tank was equipped with a full | The tank was equipped with a full AnP/FVU chemical filtration system. The coaxial 7.62 mm SGMT machine gun was replaced by a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The hull back plate was slightly redesigned to increase the internal volume. The hull machine gun was removed, making space for six more main gun rounds. These changes increased the weight of the vehicle to 38 tonnes. | ||
The tank was fitted with the new S4/3-4V 12-cylinder four-stroke one-chamber, 38.88-litre water-cooled diesel engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). Engine power was increased by raising the pressure of the fuel delivery and charging degree. The designers planned to introduce a heating system for the engine compartment and MC-1 diesel fuel filter. The engine was to be started pneumatically with the use of an AK-150S charger and an electric starter. This eliminated the need for the tank to carry a tank filled with air. To allow easier access during maintenance and repairs, it was decided to change hatches over the engine compartment. To increase the operational range, 300 litres (66 imp gal; 79 US gal) fuel tanks were added to the front of the hull, increasing the overall fuel capacity to 680 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal). | The tank was fitted with the new S4/3-4V 12-cylinder four-stroke one-chamber, 38.88-litre water-cooled diesel engine developing 581 hp (433 kW). Engine power was increased by raising the pressure of the fuel delivery and charging degree. The designers planned to introduce a heating system for the engine compartment and MC-1 diesel fuel filter. The engine was to be started pneumatically with the use of an AK-150S charger and an electric starter. This eliminated the need for the tank to carry a tank filled with air. To allow easier access during maintenance and repairs, it was decided to change hatches over the engine compartment. To increase the operational range, 300 litres (66 imp gal; 79 US gal) fuel tanks were added to the front of the hull, increasing the overall fuel capacity to 680 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal). | ||
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The design work was done by GSP-520 design bureau of ASVE under the leadership of Phobor H. Katsaros. The Soúper Opsiános B served as the basis for the "BI" command tank. | The design work was done by GSP-520 design bureau of ASVE under the leadership of Phobor H. Katsaros. The Soúper Opsiános B served as the basis for the "BI" command tank. | ||
===M6/M7 upgrades=== | ===M6/M7 upgrades === | ||
<s>In its long service life, the M7 has been upgraded many times. Early M7s were fitted with a new TSh-2B-32P sight. In 1959, some tanks received mountings for the PM7 mine clearing system or the BTU/BTU-55 plough. In 1967, the improved 3BM-8 APDS round, which could penetrate 275 mm thick armour at a range of 2 km, was introduced. In 1970, new and old M7 tanks had the loader's hatch modified to mount the 12.7 mm DShK machine gun, to deal with the threat of attack helicopters. Starting in 1974, M7 tanks received the KTD-1 or KTD-2 laser rangefinder in an armoured box over the mantlet of the main gun, and the R-123 or R-123M radio set. Simultaneously, efforts were made to modernize and increase the lifespan of the drive train.</s> | <s>In its long service life, the M7 has been upgraded many times. Early M7s were fitted with a new TSh-2B-32P sight. In 1959, some tanks received mountings for the PM7 mine clearing system or the BTU/BTU-55 plough. In 1967, the improved 3BM-8 APDS round, which could penetrate 275 mm thick armour at a range of 2 km, was introduced. In 1970, new and old M7 tanks had the loader's hatch modified to mount the 12.7 mm DShK machine gun, to deal with the threat of attack helicopters. Starting in 1974, M7 tanks received the KTD-1 or KTD-2 laser rangefinder in an armoured box over the mantlet of the main gun, and the R-123 or R-123M radio set. Simultaneously, efforts were made to modernize and increase the lifespan of the drive train.</s> | ||
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==Production history== | ==Production history== | ||
===Sofíae Commonwealth=== | === Sofíae Commonwealth === | ||
<s>T-54-1 production was slow at first, as only 3 vehicles were built in 1946 and 22 in 1947. 285 T-54-1 tanks were built in 1948 by Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (Uralvagonzavod); by then it had completely replaced T-44 production at Uralvagonzavod, and Kharkiv Diesel Factory No. 75 (KhPZ). Production was stopped because of a low level of production quality and frequent breakdowns. The T-54-2 entered production in 1949 at Uralvagonzavod, which produced 423 tanks by the end of 1950. It replaced the T-34 in production at the Omsk Factory No. 183 in 1950. In 1951, over 800 T-54-2 tanks were produced. The T-54-2 remained in production until 1952. The T-54A was produced between 1955 and 1957. The T-54B was produced between 1957 and April 1959. The T-55 was produced by Uralvagonzavod between 1958 and 1962. The T-55K command tank was produced from 1959. The TO-55 (''Proiókt'' 482) flamethrower tank was produced until 1962.</s> | <s>T-54-1 production was slow at first, as only 3 vehicles were built in 1946 and 22 in 1947. 285 T-54-1 tanks were built in 1948 by Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (Uralvagonzavod); by then it had completely replaced T-44 production at Uralvagonzavod, and Kharkiv Diesel Factory No. 75 (KhPZ). Production was stopped because of a low level of production quality and frequent breakdowns. The T-54-2 entered production in 1949 at Uralvagonzavod, which produced 423 tanks by the end of 1950. It replaced the T-34 in production at the Omsk Factory No. 183 in 1950. In 1951, over 800 T-54-2 tanks were produced. The T-54-2 remained in production until 1952. The T-54A was produced between 1955 and 1957. The T-54B was produced between 1957 and April 1959. The T-55 was produced by Uralvagonzavod between 1958 and 1962. The T-55K command tank was produced from 1959. The TO-55 (''Proiókt'' 482) flamethrower tank was produced until 1962.</s> | ||
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==Service history== | ==Service history== | ||
==Models and variants== | == Models and variants == | ||
The Opsiános has been used worldwide by as many as 50 countries and quasi-armies. They have been subject to many improvements throughout their production history and afterward, and many are still in service today. | The Opsiános has been used worldwide by as many as 50 countries and quasi-armies. They have been subject to many improvements throughout their production history and afterward, and many are still in service today. | ||
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===Models=== | ===Models=== | ||
====M6 Opsiános==== | ==== M6 Opsiános==== | ||
In common OFSN nomenclature the four main variants are referred to as "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B,'' and ''C''", although the proper traslitteration from Valárian would be "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B'', and ''G''" as in "''Alfa (I and II),'' ''Beta,'' and ''Gamma''". | In common OFSN nomenclature the four main variants are referred to as "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B,'' and ''C''", although the proper traslitteration from Valárian would be "''A-I'', ''A-II'', ''B'', and ''G''" as in "''Alfa (I and II),'' ''Beta,'' and ''Gamma''". | ||
*'''Opsiános A (Proiókt 137)''' or '''Opsiános A-I''' – Produced 1947–1951. With flat-faced turret and beak gun mantlet, similar to M4, new S4/3-3V engine, unstabilized | *'''Opsiános A (Proiókt 137)''' or '''Opsiános A-I''' – Produced 1947–1951. With flat-faced turret and beak gun mantlet, similar to M4, new S4/3-3V engine, unstabilized 75(II)-OM100 100 mm main gun. Many small modifications were implemented during production as problems emerged. Some core flaws of the design, like the cramped arrangement, could not be rectified until a new enlarged turret was made available in 1951, halting production of the A-I series. | ||
*'''Opsiános A-II (Proiókt | *'''Opsiános A-II (Proiókt 137-II)''' – Produced 1951–1955. It incorporated a number of improvements to the turret, including the new TSh-2-22 telescopic gunner's sight instead of the TSh-20; a wider track (580 mm) and modernized transmission were also introduced. The turret is enlarged with a longer dome-shaped overhang at the rear (inspired by the G4 heavy tanks), the front face is similar to the "A-I" model but with triangular cutouts in the lower part and no gun mantlet. | ||
*'''Opsiános B (Proiókt | *'''Opsiános B (Proiókt 137B)''' – Produced 1955–1958, in Poland 1956–1964. Added STP-1 "Gorizont" vertical-plane gun stabilizer to 75(II)-OM100 tank gun and this new weapon was designated 75(V)-OM100. Also introduced were the TSh-2A-22 telescopic sight, the TVN-1 infrared driver's periscope and IR headlight, the new R-113 radio, a multi-stage engine air filter and radiator controls for improved engine performance, an electrical oil pump, bilge pump, automatic fire extinguisher and extra fuel tanks. The tank is also able to use its engine exhaust smoke system to create smokescreen by injecting vaporized diesel fuel onto the exhaust system. This feature was continued throughout the entire M6/M7 series and was used in the M8/7 Chalazías. Also the OPVT wading snorkel is introduced on the Opsiános B to allow it to cross 5.5 m depths at a speed of 2 kilometres per hour (1.2 mph) (without preparation it can cross 1.4 m depths). This equipment takes about 30 minutes' preparation, but can be jettisoned immediately on leaving the water. | ||
*'''Opsiános C (Proiókt 137G)''' – Produced 1958–1960, in Poland 1956–1964, in Czechoslovakia 1957–1966, and in China as the Type 59. It is armed with the | *'''Opsiános C (Proiókt 137G)''' – Produced 1958–1960, in Poland 1956–1964, in Czechoslovakia 1957–1966, and in China as the Type 59. It is armed with the 71-OM100 tank gun with STP-2 "Tsyklon" 2-plane stabilization. From 1959, infrared night-fighting equipment was added: L-2 "Luna" infrared searchlight, TPN-1-22-11 IR gunner's day-and-night sight, OU-3 IR commander's searchlight. | ||
*'''Opsiános A-II I''', '''Opsiános BI''', '''Opsiános BI-II''', '''Opsiános CI''', '''Opsiános CI-II''', were command tanks corresponding to the main production models, with extra communications equipment at the expense of 5 tank rounds. The "'''I-I'''" version had a second R-113 (or R-123) radio for company commanders, the "'''I-II'''" version had 10 m semi-telescoping antenna mast, for battalion and regimental commanders, and regimental chiefs-of-staff. They were also equipped with the TNA-2 navigational system and AB-1-P/30 reloading device. | *'''Opsiános A-II I''', '''Opsiános BI''', '''Opsiános BI-II''', '''Opsiános CI''', '''Opsiános CI-II''', were command tanks corresponding to the main production models, with extra communications equipment at the expense of 5 tank rounds. The "'''I-I'''" version had a second R-113 (or R-123) radio for company commanders, the "'''I-II'''" version had 10 m semi-telescoping antenna mast, for battalion and regimental commanders, and regimental chiefs-of-staff. They were also equipped with the TNA-2 navigational system and AB-1-P/30 reloading device. | ||
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====M7 Soúper Opsiános==== | ====M7 Soúper Opsiános==== | ||
* | * '''Soúper Opsiános A (Proiókt 155)''' – Produced 1960–1963, in Poland 1958–1964, in Czechoslovakia from 1958 to 1983. The T-55A MBT was primarily developed to incorporate a new antiradiation lining and full AnP particle filtration system. One of the major internal additions was the use of a plasticized lead sheeting for antiradiation protection. This was evident externally due to use of an enlarged driver's hatch and enlarged combings over the commander's and loader's hatch to accommodate the new material. Improved POV anti-radiation protection (leading to visibly protruding turret hatches) and NBC filtration, dispensed with bow machine gun. It has a new turret with floor, AnP nuclear-blast protection and over-pressure NBC system, gamma ray detector, ammunition load for the main gun was increased from 34 rounds to 43 (18 of which are stored in "wet containers" situated inside the hull fuel tanks), "Rosa" fire-protection system and TDA exhaust smoke generator. To compensate for the increase in mass caused by the new equipment the rear hull armour was thinned. The Soúper Opsiános also lacks a turret dome ventilator and smaller rubber-rimmed roadwheels replaced the large pneumatic tires. | ||
* | *'''Soúper Opsiános B (Proiókt 155B)''' – Produced 1963–1976, in Poland 1964–1979. Improved S4/3-4V engine developing 600 horsepower (430 kW) (the engine output was boosted by increasing both pressure of injected fuel and degree of compression) and power-assisted clutch, MC-1 internal oil filter, AK-150S compressor which allows pneumatic start of the engine (the electric starter was removed), new internal fuel tanks with a capacity of 300 L situated in the front of the hull (this increased the overall capacity of the internal fuel tanks to 680 L). The engine compartment was equipped with a heating system. The improved AnP/FVU chemical protection system was installed. The coaxial SGMT machine gun was replaced with a PKT machine gun. The hull machine gun was removed, which made room for six more 100 mm gun rounds. | ||
* | * '''S. Opsiános AI (Proiókt 155I)''', '''S. Opsiános AI-II (Proiókt 155I-II)''', '''S. Opsiános AI-III (Proiókt 155I-III)''', '''S. Opsiános BI (Proiókt 155BI)''', '''S. Opsiános BI-II (Proiókt 155BI-II)''', '''S. Opsiános BI-III (Proiókt 155BI-III)''', – Command tanks, fitted with additional radio sets. Sub-versions are the "'''I'''" and "'''I-II'''" models with two R-123 (or R-123M) and used at company and battalion level respectively. They carry five fewer rounds for the main gun than the standard tanks. The regiment commander's "'''I-III'''" is equipped with an R-130M, an R-123M, a 10-metre antenna mast and an AB-1-P/30 generator at the expense of twelve 100 mm rounds. Early models had the R-113 and R-112 sets instead of the R-123 and R-130, from 1970 the new models are fitted with R-173 and R-143T2 sets respectively. | ||
===Modernization=== | ===Modernization=== | ||
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[[File:Modernization.jpg|thumb|Khalji National Army M7 Soúper Opsiános BV-II at the 2017 Independence Day Parade, Urlayuga]] | [[File:Modernization.jpg|thumb|Khalji National Army M7 Soúper Opsiános BV-II at the 2017 Independence Day Parade, Urlayuga]] | ||
====M6 ==== | ====M6==== | ||
*<s>'''T-54-2''' fitted with the ZET-1 vehicle protection system. It has a net structure centered on vehicle's main armament and flipper-type side plates.</s> | *<s>'''T-54-2''' fitted with the ZET-1 vehicle protection system. It has a net structure centered on vehicle's main armament and flipper-type side plates.</s> | ||
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*<s>'''T-55M (Proiókt 155M)'''/'''T-55AM (Proiókt 155AM)''' – Modernization of respectively T-55 and T-55A with new "Volna" fire control system, 9K116-1 "Bastion" ATGM system with new 1K13 BOM guidance device/sight, improved "Tsiklon-M1" gun stabilization system and TShSM-32PV sights, S4/3-4V-II engine, improved suspension and RMSh tracks, increased armour, anti-mine, anti-napalm and improved anti-radiation protection and new R-173/173P radio set. Visual differences include a laser range-finder in an armoured box fitted over the main armament, side skirts, 81 mm "Tucha" smoke grenade launchers, BDD turret brow armour and glacis appliqué, and rear RPG screens (only used rarely in Afghanistan).</s> | *<s>'''T-55M (Proiókt 155M)'''/'''T-55AM (Proiókt 155AM)''' – Modernization of respectively T-55 and T-55A with new "Volna" fire control system, 9K116-1 "Bastion" ATGM system with new 1K13 BOM guidance device/sight, improved "Tsiklon-M1" gun stabilization system and TShSM-32PV sights, S4/3-4V-II engine, improved suspension and RMSh tracks, increased armour, anti-mine, anti-napalm and improved anti-radiation protection and new R-173/173P radio set. Visual differences include a laser range-finder in an armoured box fitted over the main armament, side skirts, 81 mm "Tucha" smoke grenade launchers, BDD turret brow armour and glacis appliqué, and rear RPG screens (only used rarely in Afghanistan).</s> | ||
** <s>'''T-55M-1 (Proiókt 155M-1)'''/'''T-55AM-1 (Proiókt 155AM-1)''' – The "-1" suffix was applied to later modified tanks that are powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) S4/4-V-II engine, which was derived from the T-72's 780 hp (582 kW) S4/4-V.</s> | **<s>'''T-55M-1 (Proiókt 155M-1)'''/'''T-55AM-1 (Proiókt 155AM-1)''' – The "-1" suffix was applied to later modified tanks that are powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) S4/4-V-II engine, which was derived from the T-72's 780 hp (582 kW) S4/4-V.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-55AD "Drozd" (Proiókt 155AD)''' – T-55A fitted with Drozd ('thrush') active protection system (KAZ – ''kompleks aktivnoj zashchity''). Soviet Naval Infantry saved money by installing "Drozd" on a small number of tanks instead of opting for appliqué armour, or acquiring newer T-72s. About 250 were kept in stores for secrecy, but later switched to simpler reactive armour. T-55AD is also fitted with the radio set R-173, sight TShSM-32PV, "Tsiklon-M1" stabilizer etc. of the T-55AM.</s> | *<s>'''T-55AD "Drozd" (Proiókt 155AD)''' – T-55A fitted with Drozd ('thrush') active protection system (KAZ – ''kompleks aktivnoj zashchity''). Soviet Naval Infantry saved money by installing "Drozd" on a small number of tanks instead of opting for appliqué armour, or acquiring newer T-72s. About 250 were kept in stores for secrecy, but later switched to simpler reactive armour. T-55AD is also fitted with the radio set R-173, sight TShSM-32PV, "Tsiklon-M1" stabilizer etc. of the T-55AM.</s> | ||
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**<s>'''T-55MV-1 (Proiókt 155MV-1)'''/'''T-55AMV-1 (Proiókt 155AMV-1)''' – Versions powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) engine S4/4-V-II.</s> | **<s>'''T-55MV-1 (Proiókt 155MV-1)'''/'''T-55AMV-1 (Proiókt 155AMV-1)''' – Versions powered by the 691 hp (515 kW) engine S4/4-V-II.</s> | ||
*<s>'''T-55M5 (Proiókt 155M5)''' – This modernization kit adds convex explosive reactive armour "Kontakt-5" panels around turret front, armour panel on glacis plate, a longer hull, a new style fire control equipment with stabilized TVK-3 and TKN-1SM sights for the gunner and commander, an improved S4/3-4V-II engine (or S4/4-V-II) and a main gun stabilization system. The original 100 mm | *<s>'''T-55M5 (Proiókt 155M5)''' – This modernization kit adds convex explosive reactive armour "Kontakt-5" panels around turret front, armour panel on glacis plate, a longer hull, a new style fire control equipment with stabilized TVK-3 and TKN-1SM sights for the gunner and commander, an improved S4/3-4V-II engine (or S4/4-V-II) and a main gun stabilization system. The original 100 mm 71-OM100 gun is maintained. Combat weight is less than 40 tonnes.</s> | ||
**<s>'''T-55M6 (Proiókt 155M6)''' – A more radical upgrade with longer chassis with 6 road wheels each side, a 690 hp S4/4-V-II diesel engine and with the complete turret with automatic loader and the 2A46M 125 mm main gun of the T-72B. Also, the protection was increased to T-80U level. Optionally, the tank can be equipped with the 1A40-1 fire control system with the 9K120 "Svir" ATGM system (as per the T-72B) or with the 1A42 and 9K119 "Refleks" systems (as per the T-80U). Combat weight is 43 tonnes.</s> | **<s>'''T-55M6 (Proiókt 155M6)''' – A more radical upgrade with longer chassis with 6 road wheels each side, a 690 hp S4/4-V-II diesel engine and with the complete turret with automatic loader and the 2A46M 125 mm main gun of the T-72B. Also, the protection was increased to T-80U level. Optionally, the tank can be equipped with the 1A40-1 fire control system with the 9K120 "Svir" ATGM system (as per the T-72B) or with the 1A42 and 9K119 "Refleks" systems (as per the T-80U). Combat weight is 43 tonnes.</s> | ||