User:Candiesrgood/Sandbox II

House of Chu-Lakandula

The House of Chu-Lakandula is the ruling royal house of Tondo. It was founded in 1846, with the disestablishment of the Southern Ming Dynasty and the proclamation of the Empire of Tondo. They are descended from Zhu Shugui, a ninth-generation descendant of the Hongwu Emperor. They are also descended from the last Raja of Luzon, through his daughter Zhu Lina (born Luwalhati Lakandula).

The Zhu clan, which the House of Chu-Lakandula is descended from, ruled mainland China during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). After the Qing takeover of Beijing in 1644, they relocated to Nanjing, then to Formosa in 1662. About seventeen Ming princes lived in Formosa by 1683, the two most prominent being the Prince of Ningjing, Zhu Shugui, and Zhu Honghuan, the eldest son of the Gengyin Emperor and the eventual son-in-law of Koxinga. Qing capture of Formosa in 1683 forced the Zhu clan and the remaining Ming loyalists to flee to the Tondolese archipelago, where the Southern Ming survived until 1846. They ruled from their de facto capital of Xining (present-day Manila), and initially hoped to use the archipelago in the future takeover of the mainland. The first Emperor based in Tondo, the Wutai Emperor, took Dayang Luwalhati (the daughter of the last Raja of Luzon) as his Empress Consort. His successors continued the practice of selecting native noblewomen as their primary wives.

In 1846, the Southern Ming was disestablished, with the Empire of Tondo being established in its place. Zhu Weimin, who ruled as the Dali Emperor, dissolved the collateral branches of the House of Zhu, and renamed the main branch into the House of Chu–Lakandula - the former element being the Hokkien rendition of the character, and the latter element being derived from the Rajas of Luzon, from which they were also descended from. The House of Chu-Lakandula relinquished their claim on the Chinese throne, and formally-ruled as the sovereigns of Tondo. From 1896 until 1902, the monarchy was briefly abolished. From 1902 until _de jure_ independence in 1932, the House of Chu-Lakandula held the titles of Prince and Princess of Tondo, while the title of Emperor was held by the House of Columbia.

Today, the House of Chu-Lakandula constitutes the Royal Family of Tondo, which includes the current monarch Empress Victoria, her children, and her consort Emperor Philip by marriage. There are numerous other members of the House of Chu-Lakandula, with some holding minor titles (such as the Count of Bitukang-Manok) and many lacking any title or distinction at all.

Citizenship

Naturalization

"Special groups"

• Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia
  • Chinese Malaysians
  • Chinese Indonesians
  • Chinese Singaporeans
  • Sino–Vietnamese (Hoa)
• Austronesians
  • Javanese
  • Malay
  • Dayak
  • other
  • Japanese

• requirements
  • must reside within Tondo for a period of ten years or more (five, if they have relatives)
  • must display fluency in the Tondolese national language (Tagalog)
  • good reputation + espouse certain cultural values
  • if applicable, enroll children in Tondolese-language

E

Palawan

History

• Spanish port
  • Puerto Princesa becamea a major port city (westernmost terminus of the Puerto Princesa–Acapulco Galleon Route)

Demographics

• Asian – 68%
  • foreign-born – 10%
• "Tisoy" – 10%
  • foreign born – <0.5%
• White – 18%
  • foreign-born – 2%
• Other – 4%
  • foreign-born – <0.2%

• only region w/ ethnic Tondolese plurality (~38%–46%; latter figure including biracial and/or multiracial "tisoy")

Tondolese Americans

Tondolese Americans is a term considered to encompass Anglo–Americans of Tondolese descent or heritage. Tondolese Americans are well-represented in Anglo–American society: they constitute the largest Asian group in Rainier, the second-largest in Sierra and the Northeast Union (after ethnic Chinese for both), and reside in large urban enclaves in Brazoria and the United Commonwealth. It is estimated that there are 8–12 million Tondolese Americans (including those of mixed heritage), with over half residing within Sierra alone.

---

The Hui conflict was an insurgency in Muslim Mindanao and Tondolese Borneo during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It has been described as a irregular or a low-level war. The conflict began in 1970 during the administration of Solomon Ho, and ended in 2006 during the administration of Mary Kha. While it was primarily fought in Muslim Mindanao and Todolese Borneo, the conflict occasionally spilled to other parts of Tondo (most notoriously in the 2003 Manila Attacks) and Indonesian Borneo.

The conflict was rooted in the religious divide between Northern Tondo and Southern Tondo, which is reflective of the two region's differing histories. While Luzon and Visayas converted to Roman Catholicism starting in the sixteenth century, most people in Mindanao and Borneo remained Muslim or animist; although a Christian minority lived in the coasal forts the Spanish established and controlled. The conflict also had an ethnonationalist and political dimension. The natives of Borneo, asides from a few groups in Sabah, did not speak the Tondolese languages and were unsinicized. Furthermore, there was substantial anti-Chinese sentiment, as they were disproportionately richer than the indigenous populations. Thus, many Borneans - especially Malays - sought either to unify with Indonesia or establish an independent state allied to Indonesia; in contrast, the Chinese and Dayaks were largely supportive of the Tondolese government.

The conflict was triggered by the Zamboanga Massacre (also known as Bloody Wednesday) in 1970, during which more than a hundred alleged Indonesian sympathizers - including women and children - were killed. This prompted the establishment of the Hui National Liberation Front (HNLF), which was committed to establishing an independent state consisting of the Hui minority. Following the end of the conjugal dictatorship in 1990, Cory Shui opened dialogue with the HNLF. In 1992, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) was established, while the HNLF agreed to a ceasefire. However, a splinter group known as the Hui Islamic Liberation Front (HILF) opposed this and resumed hostilities in 1994, which was resoundly-crushed in Operation TBD. Since then, the center of the conflict shifted to Borneo. In the aftermath of Operation TBD, Caleb Ki deployed up to 500,000 Tondolese troops into Borneo and Muslim Mindanao (about 20 soldiers for every 1,000 people) in what would become the longest deployment in Tondolese history. ARMM was deemed a failed experiment and was dissolved, with the Muslim Mindanao Military District established in its place - prompting the now peaceful HNLF to advocate against alleged human rights abuses against the Muslim minority and the marginalization of Muslims as a result of the TBD Program. While the heavy militarization of the region resulted in the establishment of peace and the rule of law, this was at the cost of civil liberties and the disruption of everyday life. The 2003 Manila Attacks brought greater attention to the regional insurgency. From 2003 to 2006, Mary Kha waged the Tondolese War on Terror - ending with the final dissolution of HILF, which peaked at 10,000 members, and the capture of its leaders.

The main participants in the Hui conflict were separatists such as the Hui National Liberation Front - which became a peaceful organization starting in 1992, and its militant splinter group the Hui Islamic Liberation Front; the Tondolese military; jihadist groups such as Abu Sayyaf; and political activists and politicians. Separatist and jihadist militias engaged in guerilla warfare against the Tondolese military forces, using the Bornean jungle to conceal their whereabouts. They also engaged in a bombing campaign against infrastructural, commercial and political targets - culminating in the 2003 Manila Attacks and the assassination attempt of Mary Kha. The Tondolese military assumed a policing and counter-insurgency role in the South, though their presence has been internationally criticized due to the unfair treatment of Muslim Tondolese. While the region was largely peaceful, there would be bouts of ethnic or religious conflict, resulting in ethno-religious segregation particularly in Borneo, and in riots such as the 2004 Zamboanga Riots.

About 50,000–100,000 people have been killed over the course of the conflict, most of whom being members of the Tondolese military. There has been sporadic violence since the conclusion of the conflict. While 2006 is traditionally regarded as the end of the insurgency, some consider the 2016 Jolo Declaration - which established three autonomous provinces in Borneo, Sulu, and Bangsamoro - to the true end of the conflict.

Background

1500–17XX

In 1500, Borneo and Mindanao were controlled by Muslim sultanates. The Sultanate of Brunei even expanded into parts of Visayas and Luzon, influencing the barangay states of the Manila Bay Region. C. 1550, Sulayman I proclaimed himself the King of Luzon (Hari ng Lusong) and launched the conquest of South and Central Luzon, thus establishing the Luzonese Confederation. One of his successors, Sulayman III - more famously known as Solomon I - converted to Roman Catholicism. Solomon I also converted his subjects to Catholicism en masse, with the entire region christianized by the early sixteenth century.

In the aftermath of the Second Castilian War in 158X, all of the islands now comprising modern-day Tondo, except Luzon, were conquered by the Spanish. Spanish rule over the region was tenuous, being largely limited to a few coastal forts. Only a few of these developed into viable settlements, such as Puerto del Rey in Palawan, Zamboanga City, and Fort Philip in Basilan. While the Spanish mission in Visayas and coastal Mindanao was successful in converting the natives to Catholicism, Islam remained strong in the Mindanaoan interior and in Borneo.

17XX–18XX

• Third Castilian War
• Loss of Borneo
• Franco-Spanish Expedition to Tondo
• Madrid Accord

1902–1946

• Sierran East Indies
• Tondolese nationalism