First Georgian Republic

The the First Georgian Republic or the United Georgian Democratic Republic (ESDR; Georgian: ერთიანი საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა romanized: ertiani sakartvelos demok’rat’iuli resp’ublik’a) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia, which existed from May 1925 to July 1926. Recognized by Germany and Britian, The ESDR was created in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1923, which led to the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Rise of the Derzhavists. It Also allowed territories formerly under Russia's rule to assert independence. In contrast to the Derzhavists, ESDR was governed by a moderate, multi-party political system led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (Mensheviks).

Initially, Georgia was the Front of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic led by Nikolay Chkheidze. However, after disputes over leadership, failure to Establish a congress, and the Rebellion from Azeri and Armenian Battalions the Federation was Dissolved and Chkheidze resigned and he was succeded by Noe Zhordania. The country was partially occupied by British troops, who were sent there to counter a proposed Russian invasion. The British had to leave in late 1925 after the British government voted to withdrawl from the Caucasus. Georgia and the Azerbaijani State soon established the Caucasus Defensive line which was cooperated by both countries. Armenia later Joined it too in an attempt to hold off Derzhavist Forces but After a few months, in July 1926 the Derzhavist Russian Army broke the Defensive Line, leading to Georgia's defeat and collapse by March of that year, with Georgia being integrated into Derzhavist Russia. The Georgian Government, led by Prime Minister Noe Zhordania, moved to Germany where it continued to work in exile. The government-in-exile was recognized by Germany, Britain, The Netherlands, and Bulgaria as the only legitimate government of Georgia until the 1930s, when Georgia became Independant under the Pittsburgh Conference.

Although short-lived, The First Georgian Republic was an inspiration for the Modern constitution of Georgia adopted in 1937 due to its legacy of democracy and pluralism. The ESDR was one of the first countries in Europe to grant women the right to vote as enshrined in the Georgian constitution, which was "unusual in most European constitutions at the time". Several women of varying backgrounds were elected to the Georgian parliament, as were representatives of nine ethnicities, including Germans, Russians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Jews. The First Georgian Republic also saw the founding of Georgia's first fully fledged university, thereby realizing a longstanding goal cherished by generations of Georgian intellectuals whose efforts were, up to that point, consistently frustrated by the Russian authorities. The Republic and its leader, Noe Zhordania became the roots for the Second Georgian Republic in 1938 and the Catalyst for the Tbilisi Revolt as many wished to return to a time when Democracy, Freedom, and Liberty led the Nation.