Armenia

  

Republic of Armenia Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն (language?) Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Մեր Հայրենիք Mer Hayrenik ("Our Fatherland")
Capital and largest city	Yerevan
Official languages	Armenian
Demonym(s)	Armenian
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Aram Ghazaryan
• Prime Minister	Zakar Grigoryan
• President of the Khorkund	Hovhannes Ambartsumian
Legislature	Khorhurd
Establishment
• Orontid dynasty	6th century BC
• Artaxiad dynasty	190 BC
• Arsacid dynasty	52–428
• Bagratid Armenia	885–1045
• Kingdom of Cilicia	1198–1375
• Republic of Armenia	5 October 1938
• Armenian government-in-exile	12 September 1953
• Independence restored	5 September 1957
Currency	Armenian Dram
Time zone	UTC+4 (AMT)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+374

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia (Armenian: Hayastani Hanrapetut; Turkish: Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti), is a country located around the Armenian Highlands and Eastern Anatolian Region of Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by the Anatolian Republic to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran to the south. Yerevana is the capital and largest city of the country.

Armenia is a democratic nation-state with an ancient heritage with a unitary, multi-party democratic government and political structure. The history of Armenia dates back to the 9th century where the first Armenian state was established in 860 BC in the region of Urartu and would be replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia by the 6th century BC. The Kingdom of Armenia would be established in 321 BC and would reach its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC. Armenia would become the first nation in the world to establish Christianity the state's official religion in 301. The ancient Armenian kingdom would be split between the Byzantine Empire and Sasanian Empire around the early 5th century. The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia would be established by the Bagratuni dynasty in the 9th century as a restoration of the original kingdom. Wars against the Byzantines took its toll on the kingdom leading to its decline and eventual collapse by 1045 and was soon invaded and conquered by the Seljuk Turks. An Armenian principality and later kingdom Cilician Armenia was created and was located on the coast of the Mediterranan Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.

Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland was split between Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and the Persians with the two ruling over the region at a given time for two centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was conquered by the Russian Empire while the western region remained under Ottoman rule. Under Ottoman rule, tensions between the Armenian minority and the Turkish Ottoman majority intensified over the course of the 1800s and worsened by the 20th century as the Armenians were scapegoated by many in the Ottoman government after their loss in the Balkan Wars. During the Russian Revolution, Armenia attempted to gain independence, but was supressed by the White movement upon their victory over the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. It would not be until 1938 when Armenia became independent after Russia lost the Great War. In the 1980s, Armenia fell into a War with Georgia and Azerbaijan over Disputed Territories. A few years prior, Armenia had intervened on behalf of the Republic of Georgia during the Georgian Civil War and succesfully defeated the Socialists but Georgia-Armenian Relations deteriorated in the late 1970s due to the Ascension of the Georgian National League in Georgia. The War Ended in a Status Quo with Georgia but Armenia was forced to cede parts of Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. Armenia later Allied with Georgia after the creation of SECA and a revolution in Georgia.

Armenia is a developing country ranking 81st on the Human Development Index in 2018. The economy is primarily based on industrial output and mineral extraction. While located in the South Caucasus, it is generally considered to be European geopolitically since Armenia aligns itself with Europe geopolitically in many aspects. Armenia is a member of various international organizations including the European Community, League of Nations, and the Asian Development Bank.

History

Main article: History of Armenia

First Armenian Republic

Main article: First Armenian Republic

Russian occupation

Main article: Russian occupation of Armenia

Restoration of independence

Main article: Visalia Agreement

Government and politics

Main articles: Government of Armenia and Politics of Armenia

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Armenia

Military

Main article: Armenian Armed Forces

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions in Armenia

There are 17 provinces in Armenia.

List of Armenian Provinces

Province	Armenian Name	Capital	Armenian Capital	Area (km²)	Population †
Aragatsotn	Արագածոտն	Ashtarak	Աշտարակ	2,756	132,925
Ararat	Արարատ	Artashat	Արտաշատ	2,090	260,367
Armavir	Արմավիր	Armavir	Արմավիր	1,242	265,770
Ayrarat	Այրարատ	Karber	Քարբեր	1,695	150,335
Daronyk	Դարոյնք	Daruynk	Դարոյնք	2,250	118,643
Ghamish	ղամիշ	Yeraskh	Երասխ	2,038	37,744
Ghars	Ղարս	Amurn Karuts’	Ամուրն Կարուց	2,048	117,235
Gegharkunik	Գեղարքունիք	Gavar	Գավառ	5,349	235,075
Karin (Erzurum)	Կարին	Karno K'aghak'	Կարնոյ քաղաք	25,006	749,754
Kotayk	Կոտայք	Hrazdan	Հրազդան	2,086	254,397
Lori	Լոռի	Vanadzor	Վանաձոր	3,799	235,537
Shirak	Շիրակ	Gyumri	Գյումրի	2,680	251,941
Syunik	Սյունիք	Kapan	Կապան	4,506	141,771
Tavush	Տավուշ	Ijevan	Իջևան	2,704	128,609
Tsʿolakert	Ցոլակերտ	Egida	Էգիդա	3,664	203,594
Vayots Dzor	Վայոց Ձոր	Yeghegnadzor	Եղեգնաձոր	2,308	52,324
Yerevan	Երևան	–	–	223	1,060,138

Law and human rights

Main articles: Law enforcement in Armenia and Human rights in Armenia

See also

• Outline of Armenia
• Armenian Empire

This page uses material from the Wikipedia page Armenia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (view authors).