Armenia
Republic of Armenia
| |
---|---|
Capital and largest city | Yerevan |
Official languages | Armenian |
Demonym(s) | Armenian |
Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
Aram Ghazaryan | |
Zakar Grigoryan | |
• President of the Khorkund | Hovhannes Ambartsumian |
Legislature | Khorhurd |
Establishment | |
6th century BC | |
190 BC | |
52–428 | |
885–1045 | |
1198–1375 | |
5 October 1938 | |
12 September 1953 | |
5 September 1957 | |
Currency | Armenian Dram |
Time zone | UTC+4 (AMT) |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +374 |
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia (Armenian: Hayastani Hanrapetut; Turkish: Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti), is a country located around the Armenian Highlands and Eastern Anatolian Region of Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by the Anatolian Republic to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran to the south. Yerevana is the capital and largest city of the country.
Armenia is a democratic nation-state with an ancient heritage with a unitary, multi-party democratic government and political structure. The history of Armenia dates back to the 9th century where the first Armenian state was established in 860 BC in the region of Urartu and would be replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia by the 6th century BC. The Kingdom of Armenia would be established in 321 BC and would reach its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC. Armenia would become the first nation in the world to establish Christianity the state's official religion in 301. The ancient Armenian kingdom would be split between the Byzantine Empire and Sasanian Empire around the early 5th century. The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia would be established by the Bagratuni dynasty in the 9th century as a restoration of the original kingdom. Wars against the Byzantines took its toll on the kingdom leading to its decline and eventual collapse by 1045 and was soon invaded and conquered by the Seljuk Turks. An Armenian principality and later kingdom Cilician Armenia was created and was located on the coast of the Mediterranan Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland was split between Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and the Persians with the two ruling over the region at a given time for two centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was conquered by the Russian Empire while the western region remained under Ottoman rule. Under Ottoman rule, tensions between the Armenian minority and the Turkish Ottoman majority intensified over the course of the 1800s and worsened by the 20th century as the Armenians were scapegoated by many in the Ottoman government after their loss in the Balkan Wars. During the Russian Revolution, Armenia attempted to gain independence, but was supressed by the White movement upon their victory over the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. It would not be until 1938 when Armenia became independent after Russia lost the Great War. In the 1980s, Armenia fell into a War with Georgia and Azerbaijan over Disputed Territories. A few years prior, Armenia had intervened on behalf of the Republic of Georgia during the Georgian Civil War and succesfully defeated the Socialists but Georgia-Armenian Relations deteriorated in the late 1970s due to the Ascension of the Georgian National League in Georgia. The War Ended in a Status Quo with Georgia but Armenia was forced to cede parts of Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. Armenia later Allied with Georgia after the creation of SECA and a revolution in Georgia.
Armenia is a developing country ranking 81st on the Human Development Index in 2018. The economy is primarily based on industrial output and mineral extraction. While located in the South Caucasus, it is generally considered to be European geopolitically since Armenia aligns itself with Europe geopolitically in many aspects. Armenia is a member of various international organizations including the European Community, League of Nations, and the Asian Development Bank.
Etymology
History
Antiquity
Medieval
Early Modern era
Conflict with the Ottomans
First Armenian Republic
Russian occupation
Restoration of independence
Modern era
Geography
Topography
Climate
Environment
Government and politics
Foreign relations
Military
Administrative divisions
There are 17 provinces in Armenia.
Province | Armenian Name | Capital | Armenian Capital | Area (km²) | Population † |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aragatsotn | Արագածոտն | Ashtarak | Աշտարակ | 2,756 | 132,925 |
Ararat | Արարատ | Artashat | Արտաշատ | 2,090 | 260,367 |
Armavir | Արմավիր | Armavir | Արմավիր | 1,242 | 265,770 |
Ayrarat | Այրարատ | Karber | Քարբեր | 1,695 | 150,335 |
Daronyk | Դարոյնք | Daruynk | Դարոյնք | 2,250 | 118,643 |
Ghamish | ղամիշ | Yeraskh | Երասխ | 2,038 | 37,744 |
Ghars | Ղարս | Amurn Karuts’ | Ամուրն Կարուց | 2,048 | 117,235 |
Gegharkunik | Գեղարքունիք | Gavar | Գավառ | 5,349 | 235,075 |
Karin (Erzurum) | Կարին | Karno K'aghak' | Կարնոյ քաղաք | 25,006 | 749,754 |
Kotayk | Կոտայք | Hrazdan | Հրազդան | 2,086 | 254,397 |
Lori | Լոռի | Vanadzor | Վանաձոր | 3,799 | 235,537 |
Shirak | Շիրակ | Gyumri | Գյումրի | 2,680 | 251,941 |
Syunik | Սյունիք | Kapan | Կապան | 4,506 | 141,771 |
Tavush | Տավուշ | Ijevan | Իջևան | 2,704 | 128,609 |
Tsʿolakert | Ցոլակերտ | Egida | Էգիդա | 3,664 | 203,594 |
Vayots Dzor | Վայոց Ձոր | Yeghegnadzor | Եղեգնաձոր | 2,308 | 52,324 |
Yerevan | Երևան | – | – | 223 | 1,060,138 |
Law and human rights
Economy
Science, technology, and education
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Languages
Cities
Religion
Healthcare
Culture
See also
This page uses material from the Wikipedia page Armenia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (view authors). |
- Start-class articles
- Altverse II
- Armenia
- 1938 establishments in Europe
- 1957 establishments in Europe
- Caucasus
- Christian states
- Armenian-speaking countries and territories
- Countries in Asia
- Countries in Europe
- Eastern European countries
- Member states of the European Community
- Member states of the League of Nations
- Landlocked countries
- Republics
- Russian-speaking countries and territories
- States and territories established in 1938
- States and territories established in 1957