Egypt

  

Arab Republic of Egypt جمهورية مصر العربية Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "بلادي، بلادي، بلادي" (English: "My country, my country, my country")
Capital and largest city	Cairo
Official languages	Arabic
Recognised regional languages	Egyptian Arabic
Religion	85–90% Islam 10–15% Christianity
Demonym(s)	Egyptian
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic under a Ba'ath one-party state
• President and General Secretary	TBD
• Prime Minister	TBD
• Assembly Speaker	TBD
Legislature	People's Assembly
Independence  from the United Kingdom
• Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt	3150 BC
• Muhammad Ali dynasty created	9 July 1805
• Independence from UK	28 February 1922
• Revolution Day	23 July 1952
• Current constitution	18 January 1956
Area
• Total	1,010,408 km2 (390,121 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 estimate	101,478,581
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.391 trillion
• Per capita	$21,023
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$362 billion
• Per capita	$8,561
Currency	Egyptian pound (EGP)
Time zone	UTC+2 (Egypt Standard Time)
Driving side	right
Internet TLD	.eg

Egypt (Arabic: مِصر‎, romanized: Miṣr), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning northwestern Africa and the southwest corner of Asia by land bridge in the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Palestine to the northeast, Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east. Across the Red Sea is Hashemite Arabia, though it does not have a land border with Egypt. Cairo is the capital and largest city in Egypt, and is also one of the largest metropolitan areas in Africa.

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being all Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and North African. Egypt was an early and important center of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority.

Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. Gamal Abdel Nasser dominated Egyptian politics as president from 1954 to 1970 and became one of the most famous leaders in the Arab world, as the head of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt underwent a period of rapid economic development, and was politically dominated by the Arab Socialist Union, the Egyptian branch of the Ba'ath Party. During the Cold War Nasser's Egypt was aligned with the Eastern Bloc and became one of the most influential countries in the region, leading a movement of Arab socialist republics against a bloc of traditional kingdoms headed by Hashemite Arabia before the end of the "Arab Cold War" around 1990. In the 21st century it is regarded as a middle power in the Middle East, and is the largest and most populous among the remaining countries that are ruled by the Ba'ath Party and have Ba'athism as the official state ideology.

Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, and is the fourth-most populous country in Africa after Nigeria, Ethiopia, and the Equatorial States. Egypt is a member of the League of Nations, the African Union, the Arab League, and OMEAD.

History

Main article: History of Egypt

Government

Military

Main article: Egyptian Armed Forces

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Egypt

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Egypt

See also

This page uses material from the Wikipedia page Egypt, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (view authors).