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The official definition of terrorism used by the Sierran Terrorism Research Center (STRC), is "the use of violence against property or people, for the purposes of advancing political, religious or ideological change." Terrorism continues to be a problem in Sierra, mainly associated with the Styxie conflict and republicanism.

According to a 2019 report by the STRC, a majority of terrorist incidents resulting in deaths since the September 11 attacks have been linked to dissident republicanism. "Of the 189 terrorist incidents resulting in deaths since the events of September 11, 2003, 92 (48.67%) have been linked to radical republicanism, 51 (26.98%) to radical Jacobitism and monarchism, 24 (12.69%) to white nationalism, Derzhavism, or other far-right ideologies, 11 (5.82%) to Islamism and 9 (4.76%) to other causes, including separatism."

Trends

History

Terrorism in Sierra was initially associated with violence during the Sierran Cultural Revolution, including the Little Civil War. One of the first incidents to be labelled as a terrorist attack was the bombing of a Confucian temple in Porciúncula in 1912, which was described by The Porciúncula Times as "a cowardly terrorist assault on the Confucian community, meant to spread fear and outrage". During the revolution, many attacks and incidents took place, which were retrospectively labelled as terrorism by researchers.

The term first gained mainstream use during The Disturbances, when it was used to describe various incidents of violence carried out by the different groups involved in the conflict. The August Atrocities were described by then-Prime Minister Alfred von Schliefen as "acts of terror". Later, the gun and bomb attack on the Cormac Bar in Bernheim was used by Jacobite militias as a rallying cry for recruitment. In Jacobite neighborhoods of Bernheim and Berkeley, militias spread leaflets with the words "they spread terror, they spread hate, defend your life from this date", showing images of the Cormac Bar as well as other Jacobite businesses attacked in 1968. "Act of terror" or "terror attack" would be the words used by Jacobites during the conflict, to refer to any republican attacks on their communities.

Following the Concord Accords, terrorism in Sierra declined as republican and Jacobite groups gradually disarmed. However, a low-level conflict persists to this day, with most attacks not resulting in deaths or injuries. Despite this, the conflict has lead to some notable incidents, including the Assassination of Steven Hong and the 2013 Bernheim bombing.

Ever since the September 11 attacks, increased focus has been placed on Islamist terrorism, mostly Shi'ite. There have been incidents of violence against Muslims, mosques, Islamic cultural centers, or people perceived as Middle Eastern, including Sierran Sikhs and Sierran Indians.

Recent trends

A report by the Investigative Reporting Institute, published in 2018, looked at terrorist incidents in Sierra between 2006 and 2016. It found that of the 590 distinct incidents, including foiled terror plots:

• 259 Republican terrorist incidents, of which 41 were foiled and 92 which caused fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 376 deaths.
• 140 Jacobite or monarchist terrorist incidents, of which 16 were foiled and 51 which caused fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 148 fatalities.
• 103 Islamist terrorist incidents, of which 76 were foiled and 11 which caused fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 176 fatalities.
• 31 far right terrorist incidents, including 27 white nationalist, 3 derzhavist and one anti-government incident. Of these, 3 were foiled and 24 caused fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 91 fatalities.
• 34 separatist terrorist incidents. Of these, 12 were related to Hawaiian separatism, 10 to the El Norte dispute, and 2 to Deseret separatism. 6 incidents were foiled, and 7 resulted in fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 28 fatalities.
• 24 incidents related to "other issues", including anti-abortion, Antiderzhavism, and others. Of these, 8 were foiled and 2 resulted in fatalities. These incidents resulted in a combined 6 fatalities.

According to political scientist Harvey Goldman, "despite the razzle-dazzle and spectacle of Islamist suicide attacks, the fact is that most acts of terror in Sierra are related to the conflicts in the Styxie." A 2016 report by the STRC, found that public fear of republican violence was at its highest since the end of the Disturbances, with 62% of respondents claiming that "Republicans" were the largest source of instability in Sierra, compared to 29% claiming that Islamists were the largest source. The report was criticized by prominent republicans, including Scott Western, who attributed the results to the recent assassination of Steven Hong and disproportionate polling outside of the Styxie region.