Astoria
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Astoria officially the Republic of Astoria is a sovereign nation in North America. Bordered by the Pacific Ocean to its west and the Rocky Mountains to its east, stretching from the Siskiyou Mountains in the south to the Teslin Plateau in the north. Astoria's is located predominately in the Cascadia biogregion. Astoria borders Alaska to its north, Sierra to its south and Superior to its west.
Republic of Astoria Astoria | |
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_2.svg) Flag
 Government Seal
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Anthem: "Astoria, My Astoria" | |
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| Capital | Asphodele |
| Largest city | Seattle |
| Official languages | English |
| Demonym(s) | Astorian |
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic |
| Brendan Shepard (ND) | |
| Ryan Remsu (ND) | |
• Speaker | Claire Beaumanoir (PL) |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Senate of Astoria | |
| House of Representatives | |
| Independence from the United States | |
| February 17, 1841 | |
| July 5, 1843 | |
| August 14, 1846 | |
| May 1, 1866 | |
| June 7, 1867 | |
| Area | |
• Land area | 1,586,644 km2 (612,607 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 1.93 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 25,172,918 (56th) |
• 2020 census | 24,183,440 (56th) |
• Density | 15.24/km2 (39.5/sq mi) (226) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |
 $2.33 trillion (18th) |
• Per capita |
$92,934 (5th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |
$2.38 trillion (10th) |
• Per capita |
$94,831 (4th) |
| Gini (2020) |
 44.1medium · 139th |
| HDI (2024) |
0.941 very high · 14th |
| Currency | Astorian dollar ($) (ASD) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (PST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTCMST/PDT |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +9 |
| ISO 3166 code | AT |
| Internet TLD | .as |
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Website www.astoria.gov.as | |
Astoria is the world's 41st largest country and encompasses roughly 42,303 islands. Astoria's largest islands are by order; Vancouver Island, Graham Island, Moresby Island, Princess Royal Island, Pitt Island, Banks Island and Whidbey Island. Astoria is divided into 12 provinces and 352 tribal bands and reservations. With an approximate population of 19.9 million, Astoria is the world's 64th largest, of which 71.9% are classified as non-Hispanic whites and 10.19% as Asian. Highly urbanized, approximately 68.5% of Astorians live within a city. 63.8% of the nation's population lives within the Pacific Northwest Corridor, a region stretching from Vancouver to Eugene. About 737,015 people live in Seattle, the nation's largest city, and roughly 4.1 million live within its metropolitan area.
Archeological and genetic evidence indicate that the first inhabitants of North America arrived to Astoria approximately 14,000 years ago during the Late Pleistocene period. Astoria's most prominent indigenous group, the Coast Salish, had established permanent settlements as early as 3000 BCE. Evidence of other significant indigenous settlements include Marpole Midden, which lasted from 2000 BCE to 450 CE.
English explorers first discovered Astoria in 1579 by Francis Drake. Greek explorer Juan de Fuca reportedly discovered the Strait of Juan de Fuca in 1592. Two major continental crossings into Astoria were conducted by Europeans in 1793 by the British and in 1805 by America. The Spanish were the first in 1789 to establish a settlement in Astoria, on Vancouver Island, but was abandoned on 1795. Fort St. James in 1806 was established by a British expedition, and is historically the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in Astoria. Astoria grew economically in the aftermath of the Eugene War and its population grew significantly during the 1870s and 1880s. Seattle and Portland grew exponentially during the Klondike Gold Rush. During the Great War, Astoria was part of the American Coalition lead by Sierra and fought against the United Commonwealth and its allies in the Landonist International. During the subsequent Cold War, Astoria was part of the Western Bloc.
Astoria has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since 1961 and throughout the latter half of the 20th century developed into a mixed market economy with a high human development and standard of living. It ranks last among democratic states in North America in political freedom and governing transparency. Astoria maintains strong relations with Sierra, Superior, Brazoria, Manitoba and Alaska and is a member of the Conference of American States. It is a founding member of the League of Nations, and a regular member of the Organization of American States (OAS), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Etymology
Derived from either the Latin acceptor meaning "receiver" or the Ancient Greek and Latin doublet astēr meaning "star". The Ancient Greek astēr derives from Proto-Hellenic and then Proto-Indo-European h₂stḗr meaning "star" as well is a combination of *h₂e(h₁)s- (“to burn, glow”) and the agentive nominal suffix *-tḗr. The Azores and Asturias both share etymological lineages with Astoria.
Popular acceptance of the name stemmed from John Jacob Astor's Fort Astoria built at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1811. The family name Astor is of Franco-Germanic origin, and in Old Provençal "astur" means goshawk. This name was applied as a nickname for someone resembling a bird of prey. Astor as a surname in Germany originates from the Waldensians who fled persecution in southern France. The founding Astor family traces its lineage to the Waldensians of Chiavenna, Italy.
The gentilic that identifies the inhabitants of Astoria is either an Astor(s) or Astorian(s), and is commonly translated in other Indo-European languages to the noun for "star", "hawk" or "falcon" with a suffixes attached to indicate the inhabitant of a place, or a person originating from a place.
History
Pre-Columbian
The region that makes up modern-day Astoria (and the rest of the Pacific Northwest has been said to be one of the earliest inhabited regions in North America, with humans having resided in the Olympic Peninsula since 9,000 BCE. Other parts of Astoria have housed human life from up to 14,500-15,000 years ago. Many of these people lived around the Columbia River, especially in the Columbia River Gorge. By 8,000 BCE permanent settlements had started to crop up around the Columbia River and coastal regions. Tribes near the Columbia River were often richer than neighboring tribes thanks to their control of Celilo Falls which enabled them to control the trade of salmon, which was a prized resource in the region.
Notable tribes that resided near coastal regions Lummi, Makah, Chinook, Quinault, Snohomish, and the Quileute. Tribes that were located in the east (known as plateau tribes) included the Palus, Cayuse, Klickitat, Nez Perce, Syilx, Yakama, Wenatchi, and Spokane. Tribes in southern region included the Takelma, Umpqua, Molala, Bannock, Kalapuya, Shasta and Klamath. The Northern Shoshone, Coeur d'Alene, Ktunaxa, Umatilla, and Walla Walla resided in the south east.The Quadra's and Vancouver's Island similarly was the home to many indigenous people such as the Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, and the Coast Salish peoples. Many of these people were the first people to come into contact with Europeans when they colonized the historic region of Oregon.
European discovery and colonization
The earliest European to sight Astoria was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1543. Juan de Fuca mapped out the Strait of Juan de Fuca in 1592. However, serious exploration of the Pacific Northwest was first seriously undertaken by Juan José Pérez Hernández on behalf of the Spanish Empire in accordance to their claims to the region in 1774. A year later Bruno de Heceta also made a expedition to the region as well as Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra. Heceta was claimed land north of the Quinault River in order to counter Russian expansion into North America. Meanwhile, Quadra managed to reach the mouth of the Columbia River. The region soon became a valuable trading outlet between the Americas and East Asia.
In 1778 British Captain James Cook set out to search for the Northwest Passage, which resulted in him exploring the Oregon Coast. This prompted in the 1780s for the maritime fur trade to emerge in the region. However, British influence in the region led to tensions between Britannia and Spain, who eventually signed the Nootka Convention which opened up the region to both British and Russian influence. The newly emerged United States of America also laid claim to the region. Further Spanish explorations were undertaken by Manuel Quimper and Francisco de Eliza. However, the most successful expedition up to that date was done by George Vancouver who not only fully mapped out the Quadra's and Vancouver's Island but also reached Puget Sound, of which he claimed all land south of it for Britain.
American exploration started with Robert Gray, who found the mouth of the Columbia River. In 1804 American President Thomas Jefferson commissioned navigators Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the western regions of North America, which resulted in the Lewis and Clark Expedition, where they began an extensive expedition of what would become Astoria. Notably, the travelers came across many Native American tribes, which they noticed had more gender equality than other tribes in the east. One such Native American they met was Sacagawea near Salmon, who helped guide them to the Pacific Ocean. The expedition saw the first mapping out of the Clearwater, Snake, and Columbia rivers as well as Mount Hood.
Canadian-British explorer David Thompson explored the full length of the Columbia River in 1807, where he reaffirmed Britains's claims to the region, trying to create a trading outpost for the North West Company. The American Pacific Fur Company competed with the North West Company for fur trading in the region, which saw increased British and American immigration. Early American and British settlers also took up the role of missionaries to the Native Americans. Henry H. Spalding was a preacher who helped set up the first Astorian school, and irrigation system and also introduced potatoes to the region. Cataldo Mission, constructed by Catholic missionaries became an important post for traveling traders, settlers, and miners.
Geography
Astoria located in the northwestern region of the North American continent encompasses the bioregion known as Cascadia, and citizens strongly identify with the concept of bioregionalism. The nation is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Rocky Mountains to the east, the Siskiyou Mountains to the south, and the Coast Mountains to the north.
The nation is host to several major river systems, including the Columbia River, which runs through the state of North Columbia, Vancouver, and Montage forms the borders of South Columbia, Clackamas, and Yakima. The Snake and Willamettee Rivers are major tributaries to Columbia. The series of locks and dams on these major rivers allow for boat navigation. Other major rivers include the Fraser River, which empties at the city of Vancouver. Astoria also contains numerous lakes, including Lake Washington and Lake Chelan, Lake Crescent, Flathead Lake, Pend Oreille and the alkaline Oregon Lakes.
Astoria sits on the Cascadia subduction zone, where the North American Plate and Pacific Plate meet. Tectonic processes active in Astoria include accretion, subduction, earthquakes and the active volcanism of the Cascade Volcanoes. Major volcanos include Mount Baker, Mount Adams, Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson and Mount St. Helens. The most recent major eruption in Astoria occurred during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The last major earthquake to hit Astoria struck Haida Gwaii during the 1949 Haida Gwaii earthquake.
Climate
Astoria's climate west of the Cascades is characterized by a temperate oceanic climate in its north and warm-summer Mediterranean climate in the south. This regional climate is dominated by the prevailing westerly winds that bring moisture from the Pacific Ocean, resulting in a relatively moist and mild climate throughout the region. In the coastal areas, temperatures remain moderate year-round, with average high temperatures ranging from the mid-40s to the low 60s degrees Fahrenheit (8-16°C). The coastal areas also receive significant rainfall, with annual precipitation ranging from 30 to 140 inches (75-355 cm), depending on location.
Inland areas of the Astoria, east of the Cascade Range experience a more pronounced variation in temperature, with hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation in these areas is also more variable, with some areas receiving less than 20 inches (50 cm) of rainfall per year and others receiving over 80 inches (200 cm). The interior of the nations varies significantly, with southern interior regions having a cold semi-arid or humid continental climate (also known as a hemiboreal climate. In the Snake River Plain a large interior plain of Astoria has large variations in climate throughout its region. In the higher elevations of the Astorian mountain ranges the climate is influenced by the elevation, resulting in a subalpine or alpine climate. This climate is characterized by cool temperatures, heavy snowfall, and relatively low precipitation levels.
In Astoria's northernmost territories, especially Yukon, are characterized by warm-summer humid continental climates in its low-lying valleys and a Subarctic climate in its elevated plateaus. In the northwest portion of Yukon, most of the state belongs to the dry-summer subarctic classification. In Astoria's northernmost state capital, Prince George, the average daily low in January is 10 °F (−12 °C) and a daily mean of 61.9 °F (16.6 °C) in July.
Environment
Astoria faces a range of environmental concerns that threaten the health of its ecosystems and communities. Rising temperatures, declining snowpack, and sea level rise, all pose challenges to the nation's ecosystems, water supply, and coastal communities. Managing water resources for agriculture, industry, and the environment is a significant challenge in Astoria, particularly in the arid eastern part of the nation. In the Northwest Corridor and elsewhere in Astoria, sprawl and urban development are a concern as they can lead to habitat loss, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental impacts. In valleys, where populations are growing significantly are dealing with smog due to increased emissions from transportation and industry.
Rising global temperatures are causing changes in precipitation patterns, sea level rise, and more frequent extreme weather events in the region. According to the Federal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (FOAA), the average temperature in Astoria has increased by 1.9°F (1.0°C) since the late 19th century. Projections indicate that temperatures in Astoria are expected to continue to rise, with an estimated increase of 4.5°F (2.5°C) by mid-century and as much as 9°F (5°C) by the end of the century. This warming trend is particularly pronounced in the winter months when average temperatures have increased by 2.5°F (1.4°C) since the late 19th century.
Climate change is contributing to increased instances of frequent and intense extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, forest fires, and heavy precipitation events, which have impacts on the nation's infrastructure, agriculture, and communities.
Government and politics
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Astoria is a federal republic of ten states, one federal district and 352 tribal band reservations. The Constitutional Convention held in 1867 established Astoria as a representative democracy. States, subject to the federal government, emulate the federal government and are required to maintain a similar style of republican government. States are granted equal powers under the constitution, standard of a symmetrical federation.
The constitution serves as the nation's supreme legal document, and is the basis for the territorial collectivity of states and the federal government. States have their own constitutions, which are required to not contradict the federal constitution. The federal constitution has been amended six times, with the most recent amendment prohibiting a poll tax. All legislative laws and executive actions are subject to judicial review, and any law seen in direct conflict with the federal constitution can be overturned.
Astoria operated under a multiparty system from 1867 to 1901 and as a single-party dominant system from 1901 to 1922. Astoria in the modern era operates under a two-party system, dominated by the center-right National Democratic Party (NDP) and the center-left Progressive–Labor Party (PLP). Astoria ranks 36th on the Corruption Perceptions Index, and in 2021 ranked 38th on the Democracy Index—categorized as a "flawed democracy."
Federal government
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The federal government of Astoria is comprised of three branches, all of which are located in Asphodele. Established to emulate the former United States of America, Astoria's constitution supports the model trias politica. Each branch of government is guaranteed by the federal constitution, separate, independent powers and responsibilities.
- Legislative: The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the federal government of Astoria. It is composed of two houses: the Senate, with 20 seats, and the House of Representatives, with 95 seats. Members of the House of Representatives are elected for a two-year term, while senators serve eight-year terms. Both houses are located in the capital city of Astor. The legislature is responsible for creating and passing federal laws, overseeing the actions of the executive branch, and serving to certify the election of the president and vice president. Speaker Claire Beaumanoir has served as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives since 2023.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court of Astoria is the highest federal court in the country and the final court of appeal in the federal justice system. Established by the federal constitution, it consists of twelve justices who serve lifetime appointments. The Court hears a limited number of cases each year, mainly involving issues of federal law, such as constitutional questions and disputes between states. It constitutional authority is based upon its power of judicial review, which allows it to declare federal and state laws unconstitutional.
- Executive: The executive branch of the Astorian government is responsible for enforcing laws and carrying out the policies of the federal government enacted by the legislature. The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military, head of government, and head of state. The president is assisted in the daily operation of the Astorian government by the vice-president and several executive departments. The president can take actions without expressed permission of the legislature through executive orders and federal proclamations.
Political divisions
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Astoria is divided into eleven administrative regions; 12 states and one federal district, which contains the capital of Astoria, Asphodele. States are subdivided into 130 counties, and further divided into townships and municipalities. Each state has a set amount of presidential electors, equal to the amount of representatives and senators in the Assembly. The state of Tahoma has the largest electoral delegation, with 25 electoral votes, South Columbia has the smallest electoral delegation with 5 electoral votes. Asphodele while an independent federal district, its citizens are represented by the delegation of Clackamas.
Seven out of the eleven administrative districts are subdivided into townships, which are further subdivided into 36 ranges which constitute a square mile or 640 acres. This public land survey system was established in 1785 under the Articles of Confederation. Sections in Astoria are numbered from northeast, counting right to left. In a majority of the states all townships are referenced to the north-south Willamette meridian. In the eastern provinces all townships are referenced to the Boise meridian. Because of the irregular shape of counties, some townships and ranges are not exactly a square mile. Precincts are utilized to form the political boundaries at the local, state and federal levels of government.
States, counties, municipalities, and some populated townships, depending on state law, hold territorial collectivity. Local authority varies by state, with some states having the power to create or dissolve municipalities and county governments. Depending on the state, local governments may operate under their own charters. Counties, municipalities and states have the power to create special purpose districts including; school districts, districts for fire protections, water reclamation boards, conservation districts, parks and transit authorities. There are 352 tribal band reservations, subject to federal jurisdiction under the Department of the Interior and Tribal Affairs. Federally recognized tribal bands are recognized on the basis of tribal band sovereignty. Tribal band councils hold jurisdiction over the reservation, as provided by the federal government. Reservations are chartered on systems of government which do not have to conform to a republican or democratic style of governance.
Foreign relations
After the Second Great War, Astoria declared a policy of armed neutrality in international affairs. Astoria is known for its strong commitment to multilateralism and dialogue. The country is a founding member of the League of Nations and is active in many of its specialized agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Astoria also participates in numerous international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and the Lincoln Area. It is a member the Conference of American States (CAS) and the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).
In terms of bilateral relations, Astoria maintains close ties with many countries through its various diplomatic missions headed by ambassadors, including its neighboring North American states; Manitoba, Superior and Sierra. Astoria maintains close relations with Japan, and is a member of Indo-Pacific Treaty Organization's Partnership for Peace program. It is an participant in global peace efforts, providing humanitarian aid and hosting the North American offices for international organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRCW) and the World Economic Forum (WEF). Astoria plays a leading role in mediating conflicts in North America, specifically between the members of the Northern Treaty Organization (NTO) and the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), often hosting peace negotiations and providing expert services in conflict resolution.
Military
The Astorian Armed Forces consist of three professional service branches; the Navy, Army and Air Force. The armed forces of Astoria are managed by the Department of Defense and Mobilization, controlled by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, chaired by the Secretary of Defense and Mobilization. The commander-in-chief and supreme commander is the President of the Republic. Astoria's military branches are composed of mostly male citizens aged 18 to 35, who serve throughout their adult life through conscription. Conscripts within Astoria's Army are known as 'militiamen', who are required to maintain their field equipment and personal weapons at home. Males may also serve the country through alternative service, and women aged 20 to 35 may serve voluntarily.
Astoria's military expenditure in 2022 was $35.807 billion, roughly 1.5% of the national gross domestic product, and ranks 13th in military spending globally. The majority of the military expenditure is utilized by the Navy and Air Force. The Astorian Navy operates one nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the RAS Pioneer. The Navy maintains an array of frigates, destroyers, forming Astoria's lone carrier battle group. The Astorian Army maintains an arsenal of missiles necessary for missile defense. Astoria is a major producer of intercontinental ballistic missiles, which is sells primarily to Sierra, Superior, Manitoba, and Brazoria.
Astoria has a significant presence in military production and possesses one of the largest aerospace industries in the world. It is the third-largest military exporter in North America and the sixth-largest in the world. Astorian military enterprises have produced high-performance fighter jets, helicopters, missiles, UAVs, and military transport aircraft. Astoria is also a major arms dealer of ground and naval equipment.
Law enforcement and crime
Astoria has approximately 750 law enforcement agencies subordinate to local, county and federal governments. Law in Astoria is enforced primarily by municipal police departments and county sheriffs. State police and state courts are responsible for the investigation of most civil and criminal crimes. Federal courts mostly hear cases if an appeal is made or if federal statues are broken.
The Department of Justice is the largest and most prominent, collection of federal law agencies. Difference federal authorities have authority based on different sections of the legal code. Federal agencies are tasked with the prevention of terrorist attacks, protect Astoria against foreign espionage, combat public corruption, protect civil rights and to investigate and prevent heinous crimes. The largest agency of the Department of Justice is the Republican Guard (ARG), with roughly 10,000 members. Other noticeable federal agencies include; the Directorate of Internal Affairs (DIA), Directorate of Liquor, Incendiaries, Firearms and Stimulants (LIFS), Federal Narcotics Administration (FNA) and Directorate of Federal Prisons (DFP).
As of 2024, Astoria had a intentional homicide rate of 1.27 per 100,000, the second lowest in North America. According to the Department of Justice a total of 319 intentional homicides were reported in 2024, a decline from 328 in 2022 and 331 in 2020. Willamette had the highest intentional homicide rate at 2.3 per 100,000. Pocatello had the lowest intentional homicide rate at 0.84 per 100,000.
Economy
Astoria has a developed, high-income mixed economy characterized by economic diversity, a skilled labor force and as a center for technological innovation. It is the world's fourteenth-largest by nominal GDP and purchasing power parity and is the fifth largest economy in North America by both metrics. Astoria is an industrialized nation and is a full member of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).
Astoria's economy is highly diversified, with roughly 80% of the nation's workforce employed in the service sector, while 13% are employed in Manufacturing. It is the fifth-largest manufacturer in North America, behind the United Commonwealth, Sierra, Brazoria, and Superior. Less than 5% of the workforce are employed in the primary sector. Astoria's interior is host to an abundance of resources, including gold, lead, copper, gold, coal and bauxite. Astoria is a major producer of agricultural goods, including winter wheat, apples and wine. Astoria ranks as the the 22nd largest exporter and 21st largest importer of global goods. It membership within the Lincoln Area and access to East Asian markets allows for ample access to services, goods and capital.
Technology and logistics play a vital role in the Astorian economy. Astoria is home to the world's 2nd, 8th, 26th and 33rd largest corporations by revenue; Helle, Astorco, Lance Wholesale and Comware. Other major companies include Starbucks, Nordstrom, T-Mobile NA, Intel, Nike, Albertsons and Micron Technology. The Seattle Stock Exchange (SSE) is the 9th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization at $3.2 trillion.
Agriculture
Astoria's diverse landscape and conditions for year round production makes it available to various types of farming. It a major producer of beef cattle, dairy products, wine, wheat, apples, hazelnuts and potatoes. It is the largest producer of raspberries, hops, apples, sweet cherries, potatoes, hazelnuts and concord grapes in North America. In 2022 the total value of products sold in Astoria to internal and foreign markets totaled $32.5 billion. Agricultural policy is set by the Astorian Department of Agriculture, an agency that also grades and regulates produce.
In southwest Astoria, the main agricultural products are hay, beef cattle, dairy products, and wine grapes. According to the Astorian Department of Agriculture, in 2019 the total value of agricultural products sold in southwestern Astoria was $5.5 billion, with greenhouse raised vegetables accounting for $1.3 billion. The state of Clackamas is home to over 1,200 wineries, making it one of the top wine-producing regions in the country. Pocatello is the largest producer of potatoes in the North America. Other major agricultural products in eastern Astoria include dairy products, beef cattle, and wheat. In 2019, the total value of agricultural products sold in Pocatello was $7.5 billion, with potatoes being the largest contributor at $1.4 billion. Northern Astoria leads in exports for all agricultural goods, with major products including apples, dairy products, cattle, wheat, and potatoes. In 2019, the total value of agricultural products sold in northcentral Astoria was $16.3 billion, with apples being the largest contributor at $2.4 billion. The region is also home to a thriving wine industry, with over 1,200 wineries.
Energy
Total primary energy consumption in Astoria by source in 2021.
As of 2022, Astoria receives approximately 85% of its energy from renewable energy sources. In 2020, the largest source of the nation's energy came from hydroelectricity (64.4%), followed by nuclear power (11.4%), wind (8.3%). Nuclear power, although considered officially by the government in Astoria as a renewable energy source, is a contested subject. Astoria is the eighth-largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world, it is the largest producer in North America. The remainder of Astoria's energy comes from natural gas (9.5%), petroleum (4.2%) and coal (2.2%).
The Grand Coulee Dam, is the fourteenth-largest power station in the world, and from 1983 to 1986 was the largest. Other major notable power stations include the Chief Joseph, the John Day, and Dalles. Astoria's four largest dams produce approximately 13,800 megatwatts of power. Astoria's investment into hydroelectricity in the 1930s and 1940s was executed as a public works program to reduce unemployment. The economic benefits led to a significant shift in the economy of Astoria, which gave rise to a strong aluminum industry. Dams in Astoria also serve the purpose of irrigation, with the Columbia Basin Project supplying roughly 670,000 acres with fresh water in North Columbia. Astoria's dams have caused negative consequences for local indigenous tribes and the natural habitat. Several older dams in Astoria lack a fish ladder, which permanently blocks fish migration. The construction of new dams and the maintenance of current structures is a debated question in the nation's politics.
Transportation
Astoria has a well-established rail network that serves both passenger and freight needs. The AstorRail Cascades line connects major cities in the region, as does the Royal Pacific Railroad's Brightline high-speed passenger train, while freight rail companies such as Great Northern Railway serve the region's primary freight carriers. Site to several major points of entry for the North American continent for, Astoria's major ports include the Port of Seattle, Port of Portland and the Port of Vancouver. These ports serve as important gateways for trade and commerce in the region, and they handle a variety of goods, from automobiles to agricultural products.
Astoria has an extensive network of highways and roads that connect its cities and towns. Some of the key highways include the I-5, which runs the length of the region, and the RA 101, which runs along the coast. In addition, the Astoria is home to several scenic byways and historic highways. The nation served by several major airports, including Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Portland International Airport, and Vancouver International Airport. These airports provide air transportation services to the region's residents and visitors and serve as key hubs for airlines that serve the Pacific Northwest and beyond.
The Department of Transportation is leading policy maker for transportation in Astoria, and controls several subordinate government entities that maintain, operate and build the means for transit. The National Interstate Commission, maintains and builds interstates, the National Aviation Commission controls and regulates the airline industry, and the National Railroad Commission controls and regulates passenger and freight rail. Airline security, long-distance passenger rail and interstates are all federally owned and maintained.
Demographics
Population
The Census Commission reported 24,183,440 residents as of February 1, 2020, making Astoria the 56th most populous nation in the world, behind Australia and Niger. According to the Astorian Census Commission's Population Clock, on August 15, 2024, Astoria's population had a total population of 25,172,918. In 2020, 49% of Astorians age 15 and over were married, 4% were widowed, 4% were divorced and 43% had never been married. In 2020, Astoria had a total fertility rate of 1.69 children per woman.
Astoria, compared to the remainder of North America and more specifically Sierra to its south, is less ethically diverse. White Astorians with European ancestry makeup approximately 72.3% of the total population of Astoria. Asian Astorians, which includes ethnicities from East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Indian subcontinent, form the second largest ethnic group at a total of 16.5%. Hispanic Astorians, designated by the Astorian Census Commission as being of indigenous heritage south of Parallel 36°30′ north and of partial European or African ancestry and speaks Spanish, form the third largest ethnic group at 4.3% of the population. Other Astorians which includes mostly biracial citizens of non-Hispanic heritage, form 2.9% of the population. Indigenous Astorians account for 2.5% of the population and Black Astorians form 2.2% of the total population. In 2020, the median age of Astoria was 34.6 years.
Language
English is the most widely spoken language in Astoria, used by the majority of the population as their first language. According to the Astorian Census Commission, approximately 95% of the population in the region speaks English. English and Chinook Jargon serve as the co-official languages of Astoria.
Chinook Jargon, a trade language that was historically used by many tribes in the area, is one of the most widely-spoken Native American languages in the region. Lushootseed, spoken by the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes of the Puget Sound region, and Yakima, spoken by the Yakama Nation in central Washington, are also among the Native American languages spoken. There are an estimated 302,039 proficient speakers of Chinook Jargon, mostly spurred by government initiatives in the 1990s to promote indigenous languages in primary schools. Spanish is the second most widely-spoken language, brought primarily by immigrants from Sierra and Mexico. Mandarin is the third most widely-spoken language, which arrived early in Astoria's history during the 1849-era California Gold Rush. Mandarin grew significantly in the 1990s and early 2000s when immigration restrictions were lifted. Vietnamese and Japanese are also widely spoken, which were also introduced by waves of immigration in the 1990s and 2000s.
Religion
Astoria has some of the lowest rates of church attendance in North America, with many citizens self-describing as nonreligious. 45% of Astorians stated that they had no religious affiliation. Roughly 9% state of citizens reported that they were either agnostic or atheists. The largest religion in Astoria is Christianity, with roughly 32% belonging to a Protestant church and 12% identifying with Roman Catholicism. Astoria is much more secular than the median country, ranking 19th least religious country in the world. Research conducted in 2021 found that 56% of Astorians believed in some concept of God, with 17% reporting that they pray daily.
There are regional variances in religious observation, with eastern states along the Pacific Ocean having the lowest rates of religious affiliation and church attendance. States with the highest levels of religious affiliation are located in the interior of Astoria, with roughly 65% of residents in Pocatello claiming affiliations with a Christian church. Approximately 42% of Pocatello's population adheres to Mormonism, with 38% belonging to the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the remainder apart of the Church of Jesus Christ and His Faithful of Idaho, and is the largest concentration of Mormons in the country. Mormons were historically persecuted and until 1983 it was illegal for a member of a Mormon denomination to hold the office of president, vice-president, or sit on the supreme court. In Montanga 43% of residents belong to the United Church of Universal Reconciliation, a Christian restorationist denomination that historically participated in religious warfare with Mormons and the Astorian state.
Urbanization
Astoria is highly urbanized with approximately 68.5% living inside urban areas. In 2020 there was a total of 884 municipalities, organized settlements and towns. There are four cities that have more than 500,000, all of which reside within the Pacific Northwest Corridor, a roughly 466-mile (750 km) long corridor that extends from Eugene to Vancouver. Seattle (4.1 million), Vancouver (2.6 million) and Portland (2.5 million) are the three largest metropolitan areas in the nation. Approximately 48.6% of the total population of Astoria lives within metropolitan areas of Astoria, with nearly 6 in 10 living in the Pacific Northwest Corridor. Major interior cities include Boise and Spokane. Many of Astoria's metropolitan areas, especially in Yakima, Tahoma and Clackamas, are growing rapidly.
Education
For the most part education in Astoria is provided by government entities and overseen by federal, state, and local governments. Education, if ran by the state government, is controlled and overseen by the state. Education is divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary education. Education is by law provided solely in English but students are required to take five years of Chinook Jargon throughout their primary and secondary education. Astoria has several universities, with the majority being publicly funded. Astoria University is the oldest surviving post-secondary education in Astoria, and continuously ranks as the top university in the country. The largest university is the University of Clackamas, located in Beaverton, with 38,000 enrolled students. The University of Tahoma, located in Seattle, regularly ranks as one of the most prestigious public universities in the world. Other notable universities include; the University of Vancouver, Federal University of Astoria, and the University of Columbia.
In 2020 the OCED reported that Astoria is one of the most highly educated nations, with 49% of the population having completed studies at a school providing post-secondary education. Roughly 20.5% of the nation holds a bachelor's degree, with the remainder having completed studies in a 2-year or 6-year program. Astoria spends approximately 5.1% of its GDP on education. As of 2019, 85% of adults aged 25 to 64 hold a high-school degree or equivalent.
In Astoria, compulsory education is set nationally at 12 years. Because of Astoria's federal system, states may incorporate their own requirements that demand additional years. States also control the curriculum and funding of schools. According to a study conducted in 2018, roughly 34,000 students were homeschooled. Astorian students perform well among other OECD in mathematics, science, and reading, ranking eleventh globally. Astoria has a literacy rate of 99%.
Health
Healthcare is provided through the private sector, with costs being covered through a government ran statutory health insurance program known as the Federal Health Insurance Program (FHIP). Funds for the statutory health insurance program are collected through private, employer-employee contributions, and national, state, and local taxes. Roughly 75% of funding for the program is provided through employer-employee contributions. Prescription drugs, dentistry and optometry are also covered under the national health insurance program. There are multiple tiers of coverage, and employers typically recuperate their losses by requiring employees to contribute more of their wages.
The majority of hospitals in Astoria are nonprofit at 53% or government operated at 43%. The remainder of hospital are operated privately and preform specialties that are limited in demand. Because of an increase in age, due to a demographic shift, healthcare costs have increased within the past three decades. Life expectancy is 81.1 years, with 78% of Astorians reporting they view themselves in good health. In life expectancy, Astoria ranks 25th, behind Cyprus and Greece.
According to the Department of Health and Welfare, the smoking rate in Astoria is 11.5%, ranking 121st in the world. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism is considered a national concern by the Department of Health, reporting that 18% of the population engages in execessive drinking. Rates of cancer are similar to the remainder of North America, with breast, lung and prostate cancer being the most common causes. Obesity in Astoria, much like Sierra, is not as widespread as in the rest of the developed world. In 2022, Astoria reported an obesity rate of 16.6%, ranking 123rd behind Kyrgyzstan and Lesotho.
Major hospitals include Seattle Children's Hospital, Harborview Medical Center, and Swedish Medical Center, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, and Clackamas Health & Science University.
Culture
Literature and art
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Astoria has produced a number of notable writers, many of whom have explored the region's unique landscape and culture in their work. The indigenous peoples of the region have a rich artistic tradition that spans back thousands of years, while in more recent times the region has produced a variety of influential writers and artists. Important authors include, Ken Kesey, Ursula K. Le Guin, Tom Robbins and Sherman Alexie. Astoria has served as the setting for many notable works of literature; Snow Falling on Cedars, The Orchardist, Where'd You Go, Bernadette, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Wilderness, and The Solace of Open Spaces.
Astorian author Frank Herbert, inspired by the nation's coastal sand dunes, wrote the science fiction novel Dune and its five sequels; Dune Messiah, Children of Dune, God Emperor of Dune, Heretics of Dune and Chapterhouse: Dune. Herbert's works have been adapted to motion picture numerous times, with Dune I and Dune II being the most recent.
Astoria has also been a source of a rich tradition of visual art, with influences ranging from the traditional art of the indigenous peoples to more contemporary styles. Important artists from Astoria include; Dale Chihuly, Jeffrey Gibson, Susan Point and Emily Carr. Art from Astoria has incorporated the distinctive styles of the Coast Salish-style sculptures and prints, which often feature depictions of animals and other natural elements. Artwork depicting the historical and natural beauty of Astoria utilize native imagery and traditional artwork. Some of the most notable pieces of Astorian artwork include; Raven and the First Men, Chief Joseph, Moon, and Forest Walk.
Cinema and theater
Cinema and theatre have long been an important part of the cultural landscape of the Astoria. The region has been the setting for many films and plays, and its vibrant arts scene has produced many talented performers and filmmakers. One of the most notable contributions to Astorian cinema is the Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF), which was founded in 1976 and has since grown into one of the largest and most respected film festivals in the world. SIFF showcases both local and international films and has helped to establish Seattle as a hub for independent filmmaking. The festival has hosted premieres of several notable films, including The Blair Witch Project and Waitress.
Several Astorian cities, including Portland and Vancouver, have also become popular filming locations for Hollywood productions. Portland, in particular, has been featured in a number of popular films and TV shows, including Grimm, Portlandia, and Twilight. The Goonies is considered a national film of significant importance and has since become a cult film.
One of the most well-known Astorian theatre companies is the Willamette Shakespeare Festival, which was founded in Ashland, Willamette in 1935. The festival produces eleven plays each year, with a focus on the works of Shakespeare and other classic playwrights. The festival has been recognized for its commitment to diversity and inclusivity and has helped to establish Ashland as a center for high-quality theatre in the region. Other notable theatre companies in the Astoria include Seattle Repertory Theatre, ACT Theatre, and the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, and Portland Center Stage and Artists Repertory Theatre in Portland. Astoria is host to three major outdoor music venues; The Gorge Amphitheatre, Sleep Country Amphitheater and White River Amphitheatre.
Music
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Astoria has a diverse musical landscape, with a range of genres that have developed and thrived in the country. One of the most notable is grunge, a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, with bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden leading the way. Grunge became known for its heavy guitar riffs, angst-ridden lyrics, and stripped-down sound, and had a significant impact on the mainstream rock scene. Another important genre in the nation is indie rock, which has seen a surge in popularity since the 2000s. Bands like Modest Mouse, The Shins, and Death Cab for Cutie have helped bring notoriety to Astoria as a hub for innovative and cutting-edge music. Indie rock in the nation is often characterized by its use of melodic guitar riffs, introspective lyrics, and a DIY aesthetic.
Hip hop is another popular genre in the Pacific Northwest, with notable artists such as Macklemore, Sir Mix-a-Lot, and Blue Scholars having emerged from the nation. The hip hop scene in Astoria often incorporates elements of the nation's natural beauty, urban culture, and social justice issues.
Astoria has produced a wealth of important artists throughout its musical history. One of the most influential figures in the republic's music scene was Jimi Hendrix, a Seattle native who went on to become one of the most innovative and acclaimed guitarists of all time. Hendrix's blend of blues, rock, and psychedelic sounds revolutionized the music world and continues to inspire generations of musicians. Bing Crosby, who was born in Tacoma, Olympia was another important artist born in Astoria. Crosby was one of the most popular and successful musicians of the 20th century, with a career that spanned several decades and included hits like White Christmas and Swinging on a Star. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain, became an icon of the era and remains a celebrated and influential figure in the music world.
Mass media
Astoria has a diverse and robust mass media landscape, with a range of newspapers, television stations, and other media outlets that serve different markets and regions of the republic.
One of the most prominent newspapers in the region is The Seattle Times, a daily newspaper based in Seattle, Tahoma, that has been in operation since 1896. The newspaper covers a wide range of local and national news, with a particular focus on issues of interest to the Tahoma region. Another major newspaper in Astoria is The Oregonian, a daily newspaper based in Portland, Oregon, that has been in operation since 1850. The Oregonian is the largest newspaper in South Astoria and covers a wide range of local and national news, with a focus on issues of interest to the southernmost states. The Stranger, an alternative weekly newspaper based in Seattle, covers a range of news and cultural events in the region, and has become known for its irreverent and unconventional style. Major publications in Vancouver include The Vancouver Sun and The Province.
Seattle is home to several major television stations, including KIRO-TV, KING-TV, and KOMO-TV. These stations provide a range of news and entertainment programming to viewers in the region, covering local and national news, as well as sports, weather, and other topics of interest. In Portland, major television stations include KGW-TV and KPTV. Major television stations in Vancouver include CKVU-DT and CIVT-DT. Boise and Spokane also have their own television stations. Major national television networks include: Astoria One and Astoria Two (both operated by public United Broadcasting Corporation of Astoria), Pacific Television (PTV), Cascadia Broadcasting Company (CBC), New World Network (NWN) and National News Network (3N).
Radio broadcasting has been a popular source of mass media in Astoria since the 1930s. Major radio stations in Astoria include KEXP, 102.7 The Peak, and News 1130. Astoria has a federally mandated radio station that serves the entire national community; Astorian Public Broadcasting (APB).
Food
The cuisine of Astoria is characterized by its use of fresh, local ingredients, including seafood, berries, mushrooms, and game meats. The region's cuisine reflects its proximity to the ocean, as well as its history of indigenous and European settlement. Seafood plays a significant role in Astorian cuisine, with salmon being one of the most important ingredients. Pacific salmon is caught in the region's rivers and streams, and is often grilled or smoked. Other popular seafood in the area includes Dungeness crab, oysters, clams, mussels, and geoducks. These ingredients are often prepared simply, with minimal seasoning.
Berries are another staple of Astorian cuisine, with huckleberries, blackberries, raspberries, and blueberries growing abundantly in the region. These fruits are used in a variety of dishes, from pies and jams to savory sauces for meats. Mushrooms are also a key ingredient in Astorian cuisine, with the region being home to a variety of wild mushrooms, including chanterelles, morels, and porcinis. These mushrooms are used in soups, stews, and sauces, as well as being served as a side dish.
Game meats, such as elk, venison, and bison, are also commonly found in Astorian cuisine. These meats are often prepared in hearty stews or slow-cooked dishes and are sometimes served alongside berry sauces. Asoria has a thriving wine industry, with the region being known for its Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Riesling varietals. Local craft beer and cider are also popular, with the region having a vibrant craft brewing scene.
Coffee consumption, production, and culture have a significant presence in Astoria. The nation is home to several major coffee companies, including Starbucks, which was founded in Seattle in 1971. The coffee culture in the region is characterized by a preference for high-quality, specialty coffee, with a focus on single-origin beans and artisanal roasting techniques. Astoria is also known for its numerous independent coffee shops, which often serve as community gathering places. According to a 2018 report by the National Coffee Association, Astoria, had the highest percentage of daily coffee drinkers in North America, with 64% of adults reporting that they had consumed coffee within the past day.
Sport
Astoria's most popular sports include football, basketball, soccer, and baseball, with several college and professional teams existing. Within Astoria there is a significant rivalry between the cities of Portland, Vancouver and Seattle in most sports.
Astoria is known for its outdoor recreational activities. The nation has an abundance of hiking trails, parks, and campgrounds, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts. According to a 2018 report by the Outdoor Industry Association, which surveyed participants in outdoor activities over a 12-month period, 58% of adults in Astoria participated in at least one outdoor activity. Outdoor recreation generates significant economic activity in the nation, with consumers spending $26.2 billion annually on outdoor recreation activities. Popular activities include hiking, skiing, snowboarding, mountain biking, fishing, and hunting.
Water sports are also a significant part of the Astorian leisure culture, with opportunities for kayaking, canoeing, paddleboarding, and fishing on the region's many rivers and lakes. The nations's long coastline also provides opportunities for surfing, windsurfing, and sailing.
Professional sports teams in Astoria include the Seattle Seahawks (football), Portland Patriots, (baseball), Seattle United FC (soccer), Seattle Schooners (basketball), and Victoria City FC (soccer). These teams have passionate fan bases and have achieved success at both the national and continental levels. Collegiate athletics is also very popular within Astoria.
Major sporting venues in Astoria, with seating capacity, include CenturyLink Field (37,000), Autzen Stadium (54,000), Husky Stadium (70,000), Providence Park (25,218), Moda Center (19,393) and Martin Stadium (32,952).
See also
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