Portugal

  

Kingdom of Portugal Reino de Portugal (pt)
Flag National arms
Anthem: Hymno Patriótico Royal anthem: Hino da Carta
Map of Portugal
Capital and largest city	Lisbon
Official languages	Portuguese
Recognised regional languages	Cantonese
Ethnic groups (2021)	94.6% Portuguese 5.4% Others
Religion	Avignon Catholic Church
Demonym(s)	Portuguese
Government	parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• King	John VII (I)
• Prime Minister	Sandro de Sá (CDP)
Legislature	National Assembly
• Upper house	House of Peers
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Established
• Battle of Ourique	Jul 25, 1139
• Restoration of Independence	December 1, 1640
• 1910 Revolution	October 5, 1910
• Winter restoration	February 17, 1919
Area
• Total	133,486.3 km2 (51,539.3 sq mi)
Population
• 2018 estimate	13,873,115
• 2017 census	13,573,115
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$460.6 Billion
• Per capita	$37,000
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$360.45 Billion
• Per capita	$26,700
Gini (2014)	0.321 low
HDI (2017)	0.870 very high
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+5
ISO 3166 code	PRT
Internet TLD	.prt

Portugal, officially the Kingdom of Portugal, is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in Soutwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state in Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and east and north to Spain. Portugal has overseas territories such as the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Portuguese Macau. The official language of the country is Portuguese with Cantonese being a regionally recognized language.

Portugal is one of the oldest states in Europe and is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula having been invaded, contested and fought over various times throughout prehistoric and pre-modern times. Originally inhabited by the pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples, the region was later visited by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Ancient Greeks and ruled by the Romans before the invasions by the Subei and Gothic Germanic peoples. After being conquered by the Muslims, the region was known as Al-Andalus of which modern day Portugal was a part of prior to its reconquest in Reconquista. Founded in 868, the future nation was founded as the County of Portugal which became prominent after the Battle of São Mamede (1128) with the kingdom being proclaimed and would gain independence after the Battle of Ourique (1139) from León and was recognized by the Treaty of Zamora (1143).

During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal would establish the first global maritime and commercial empire and became one of the world's leading economic, military, and political powers. During this period, now called the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers would pioneer maritime exploration with the discovery of what would become Brazil (1500). During this time, Portugal monopolized the spice trade, divided the world into hemispheres of influence of dominian with Castile, and and expanded its colonial empire overseas into Asia. Portugal would hold significant influence, however events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and Brazilian independence in 1822 caused its power to wane significantly.

In 1910, a revolution took place which saw the desposition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Portuguese Republic. The new republican government itself would last aroudn nine years and passed numerous political and progressive reforms, however much of the conservative royalist and rural electorate opposed the new government and issues of corruption undermined the government's authority. In 1919, members of the royal family and their supporters staged an uprising and successfully overthrew the government in what is known as the Winter Restoration, however the wider republican movement would and still remains a significant political movement in Portuguese politics.

History

Main article: History of Portugal

Republicanism and restoration

Main articles: 5 October 1910 revolution and Winter Restoration

See also: Republicanism in Portugal

Government and politics

Monarchy

Main article: Monarchy of Portugal

Parliament

Main article: National Assembly of Portugal

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Portugal

Military

Main article: Portugese Armed Forces