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Hashemite Caliphate الخلافة الهاشمية
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Motto: لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu ("There is no deity but God.")
Capital	Madīnah
Official languages	Arabic
Ethnic groups	Arabs, Bedouins
Religion	Islam
Demonym(s)	Arabian
Government	Caliphate; Theocratic monarchy
Legislature	Ulema
History
• Independence	1922
• Recognized	1924
• Unification of Arabia	1925-1927
• Current Constitution	1995
Area
• Total	2,239,032 km2 (864,495 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 estimate	44,876,292
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	TBD
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	TBD
Currency	Iraqi dinar
Time zone	UTC+3 (Arabia Standard Time)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Driving side	right

The Hashemite Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الهاشمية, al-Khilāfah Al-Hāshimiyyah), or simply Caliphate, is a sovereign state in Western Asia situated primarily in the Arabian peninsula. The Caliphate is bordered by Syria to the northwest, Iraq to the northeast, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the southwest; it is seperated from Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba and Persia by the Persian Gulf. It is the only country with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. It is the nth-most populous country with a population of over tbd million people. By area, it is the nth-largest country, spanning tbd square kilometers (tbd square miles). The capital, Madīnah, is the renowned as one of the two Holiest sites in Islam, with it's secondary capital, Makkah, being regarded as the center of Islam, although the largest city is ar-Riyāḍ. Virtually all citizens of the Caliphate are Muslims, with small minorities of Christians and Jews.

The Hashemite Dynasty, commonly referred to as the Hashemites, had ruled over the city of Mecca continuously from the 10th century, as the Sharif of Hejaz (Arabic: شريف الحجاز‎, Sharīf al-Ḥijāz). Their ancestor, Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf, was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Although originally Zaidi Shias, they would convert to Shafi'i Sunni Islam during the early Ottoman period. They would be absorbed by the ever-expanding Ottoman Empire in 1517 during the Ottoman conquest of Egypt, with the Ottoman Sultan at the time, Selim I, recognizing Sharif Muḥammad Abū Numayy II ibn Barakāt ibn Muḥammad as ruler of Hejaz.

During the Great Arab Revolt,

History

Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and Independence

Main articles: Hashemite Dynasty and Great Arab Revolt

Unification of Arabia

Main articles: Hejaz-Nejd War, Wars of Unification, and Iraqi-Arabian War

Politics

Office of Caliph

#	Name (Born – Died)	Portrait	Reign		Succession right	Remarks
			Years	Dynasty
1	al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī الحسين بن علي الهاشمي‎ (1853 - 1929)		1922 - 1929 13 years	Banu Hashim	Hāshim ibn ‘Abd Manāf	Established the Hashemite Caliphate Unified of Arabia Iraqi-Arabian War
2	‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī علي بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي (1879 - 1804)		1927 - 1953 26 years		Eldest Son of al-Ḥusayn	Iraqi-Arabian War Constitutional reform
3	Ṭalāl ibn Alī طلال بن عبد الله‎ (1913 - 1972)		1953 - 1972 19 years		Son of Alī
4
5

The Ulema

Main article: Ulema of the Hashemite Caliphate

Administrative territories

Main article: Territories of the Hashemite Caliphate